Question 1

The relentless pursuit of thinness puts people at ________ risk for depression and ________ risk for binge eating.

Accepted Answer

A)   decreased; increased
B)   increased; decreased
C)   decreased; decreased
D)   increased; increasedE) A) and C)
F) A) and B) D

Question 2

Insulin, a hormone that influences appetite, is secreted by the

Accepted Answer

A)   hypothalamus.
B)   pancreas.
C)   stomach.
D)   liver.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

By motivating us to satisfy our physical needs, hunger and thirst serve to

Accepted Answer

A)   raise the set point.
B)   maintain homeostasis.
C)   lower hormone levels.
D)   lessen basal metabolic rate.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

It is characteristic of bears to hibernate. This behavior is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   an instinct.
B)   homeostasis.
C)   an incentive.
D)   a drive.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 5

One shortcoming of the instinct theory of motivation is that it

Accepted Answer

A)   places too much emphasis on environmental factors.
B)   focuses on cognitive aspects of motivation.
C)   applies only to animal behavior.
D)   does not explain human behaviors; it simply names them.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Need is to ________ as drive is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   food deprivation; hunger
B)   motivation; incentive
C)   thirst; basal metabolic rate
D)   instinct; incentiveE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

According to drive-reduction theory, a need refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   a physiological state that usually triggers motivational arousal.
B)   anything that is perceived as having positive or negative value in motivating behavior.
C)   a desire to perform a behavior in order to avoid punishment.
D)   a rigidly patterned behavioral urge characteristic of all people.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

When people's images on a video monitor are widened to make them look fatter, observers perceive them as

Accepted Answer

A)   more sincere and more friendly.
B)   more sincere and less friendly.
C)   less sincere and less friendly.
D)   less sincere and more friendly.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B) C

Question 9

Ancel Keys and his colleagues observed that men on a semistarvation diet

Accepted Answer

A)   became apathetic and lost interest in food.
B)   remained interested in food but avoided talking or thinking about it.
C)   lost interest in sex and social activities.
D)   became increasingly preoccupied with political and religious issues.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Which of the following is a difference between a drive and a need?

Accepted Answer

A)   Needs are learned; drives are inherited.
B)   Needs are physiological states; drives are psychological states.
C)   Drives are generally stronger than needs.
D)   Needs are generally stronger than drives.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

The arousal theory of motivation would be most useful for understanding the aversive effects of

Accepted Answer

A)   sensation-seeking.
B)   set points.
C)   hunger.
D)   boredom.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Feelings of hunger accompany ________ levels of blood glucose and ________ levels of ghrelin.

Accepted Answer

A)   low; low
B)   high; high
C)   low; high
D)   high; lowE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

People become obsessed with water when thirsty and obsessed with food when hungry. This illustrates that activated motives

Accepted Answer

A)   increase basal metabolic rate.
B)   shorten homeostasis.
C)   trigger a state of flow.
D)   dominate consciousness.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Lack of body fluids is to cold water as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   need; incentive
B)   need; drive
C)   instinct; set point
D)   homeostasis; basal metabolic rateE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 15

An integrated understanding of rising obesity rates in terms of set points, culturally learned taste preferences, and the ready availability of large food portions is best illustrated by

Accepted Answer

A)   homeostasis.
B)   the evolutionary perspective.
C)   incentive theory.
D)   a biopsychosocial approach.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

Mr. Porter believes that aggression is an unlearned behavior characteristic of all children. He obviously believes that aggression is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   incentive.
B)   homeostatic mechanism.
C)   instinct.
D)   drive.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 17

Our weight thermostats are somewhat flexible and are influenced by environmental as well as biological factors. Some researchers have therefore adopted the term

Accepted Answer

A)   flow.
B)   homeostasis.
C)   basal metabolic rate.
D)   settling point.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 18

In a classic experiment, obese patients whose daily caloric intake was dramatically reduced lost only 6 percent of their weight. This limited weight loss was due, at least in part, to the fact that their dietary restriction led to a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   decrease in their secretion of ghrelin.
B)   elevation of their set points.
C)   decrease in their metabolic rate.
D)   elevation of their blood glucose levels.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D) C

Question 19

When offered as many servings of ice cream as they would like to eat, people are likely to eat more if they

Accepted Answer

A)   are given small rather than large serving bowls out of which they can eat.
B)   are offered servings from a wide variety rather than a small variety of ice cream flavors.
C)   are eating the servings of ice cream with smaller rather than larger spoons.
D)   are eating the servings of ice cream alone rather than in the presence of others.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 20

The World Health Organization identifies obesity as a high

Accepted Answer

A)   basal metabolic rate.
B)   body mass index.
C)   set point.
D)   PYY level.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Exam 32: Basic Motivational Concepts and Hunger

The relentless pursuit of thinness puts people at ________ risk for depression and ________ risk for binge eating.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Insulin, a hormone that influences appetite, is secreted by the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By motivating us to satisfy our physical needs, hunger and thirst serve to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is characteristic of bears to hibernate. This behavior is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One shortcoming of the instinct theory of motivation is that it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Need is to ________ as drive is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to drive-reduction theory, a need refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When people's images on a video monitor are widened to make them look fatter, observers perceive them as

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Ancel Keys and his colleagues observed that men on a semistarvation diet

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a difference between a drive and a need?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The arousal theory of motivation would be most useful for understanding the aversive effects of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Feelings of hunger accompany ________ levels of blood glucose and ________ levels of ghrelin.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People become obsessed with water when thirsty and obsessed with food when hungry. This illustrates that activated motives

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lack of body fluids is to cold water as ________ is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An integrated understanding of rising obesity rates in terms of set points, culturally learned taste preferences, and the ready availability of large food portions is best illustrated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mr. Porter believes that aggression is an unlearned behavior characteristic of all children. He obviously believes that aggression is a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Our weight thermostats are somewhat flexible and are influenced by environmental as well as biological factors. Some researchers have therefore adopted the term

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a classic experiment, obese patients whose daily caloric intake was dramatically reduced lost only 6 percent of their weight. This limited weight loss was due, at least in part, to the fact that their dietary restriction led to a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedC

When offered as many servings of ice cream as they would like to eat, people are likely to eat more if they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The World Health Organization identifies obesity as a high

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The relentless pursuit of thinness puts people at risk for depression and risk for binge eating.

Correct Answer
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D

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Need is to as drive is to .

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C

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Feelings of hunger accompany levels of blood glucose and levels of ghrelin.

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Lack of body fluids is to cold water as is to .

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C

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