Question 1

When is the PO2 an especially strong stimulant of the respiratory control center in the brain of healthy individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  while hyperventilating
B)  while hypoventilating
C)  while running a road race along the shoreline of Vancouver
D)  while climbing to the summit of Mt.Everest
E)  while free-diving to a coral reef 60 feet below the surface of the seaF) C) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 2

Protruding papulae on the surface of echinoderms improve respiratory efficiency by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing the distance for diffusion
B)  increasing the surface area for diffusion
C)  increasing the concentration difference
D)  changing the diffusion constantE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 3

What respiratory adaptation was important for the invasion of land by arthropods?

Accepted Answer

A)  cutaneous respiration in moist habitats
B)  positive pressure breathing to increase gas exchange
C)  the ability to close spiracles to prevent water loss
D)  countercurrent exchange surrounding the trachea
E)  gas- and water-permeable exoskeletonsF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

Fick's law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion of a gas across a membrane depends on all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  the membrane surface area.
B)  the concentration difference of the gas on the two sides of the membrane.
C)  the width of the membrane.
D)  the size of the gas molecule.
E)  which membrane transport proteins are present.F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 5

Air enters human lungs from the mouth by passing through the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  trachea
B)  nasal cavities
C)  spiracles
D)  posterior air sacs
E)  esophagusF) B) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 6

Tom is choking on a piece of steak that is stuck in his trachea,and he signals for his young son to call 911.It takes the paramedics four minutes to reach his house.Will this be in time to save Tom (and why) ,or will Tom already be dead (and why) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tom will be alive since the myoglobin in his muscles will release oxygen into the blood after he stops breathing.
B)  Tom will be dead due to the lowered pH of his blood.
C)  Tom will be alive since he had a reserve of about three-quarters of his hemoglobin still bound to oxygen when he started choking.
D)  Tom will be dead since all the hemoglobin in his arterial blood will unload its oxygen during the first pass through the tissues after his last breath.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

The large number of alveoli in lungs improve gas exchange by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing the distance for diffusion
B)  increasing the surface area for diffusion
C)  increasing the concentration difference
D)  changing the diffusion constantE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Every winter,many individuals tragically die in their sleep due to faulty heaters that leak carbon monoxide (CO) during the night.How does CO poisoning lead to death?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO binds more tightly to carbonic anhydrase than does carbon dioxide.
B)  CO binds to oxygen,and the CO-oxygen complex cannot bind to hemoglobin.
C)  CO coats the surfaces of the alveoli,preventing diffusion of oxygen into the blood.
D)  CO inhibits the chemosensitive neurons in the aortic and carotid bodies.
E)  CO binds more tightly to hemoglobin than does oxygen.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 9

Where a given species of vertebrate lives has dramatically shaped the evolution of respiratory adaptations,particularly since the oxygen concentration in air is approximately 20 times that of the oxygen concentration in water.Per unit area of gas exchange surface,which group of vertebrates can extract the greatest total amount of oxygen from the external medium?

Accepted Answer

A)  amphibians
B)  birds
C)  fish
D)  mammals
E)  reptilesF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 10

Major evolutionary changes have resulted in anatomical and physiological adaptations that optimize the rate of gas exchange in animals by each of these factors except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the surface area for diffusion
B)  increasing the concentration difference driving diffusion
C)  decreasing the distance for diffusion
D)  increasing the diffusion constant for each gasE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

During your dissection of a fish,what structure would you have to remove to see the gills?

Accepted Answer

A)  operculum
B)  spiracle
C)  jaw bone
D)  glottis
E)  tracheaF) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 12

Which part of a hemoglobin molecule binds to a molecule of O2?

Accepted Answer

A)  the surface of an α globin chain
B)  the surface of a β globin chain
C)  the iron atom in the center of a heme group
D)  the copper atom wedged between an α and a β globin chain
E)  the hydrophobic pocket between two α chainsF) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 13

Soft-shelled turtles can remain submerged underwater for several hours without ventilating their lungs because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  they also have rudimentary gills
B)  the partial pressure of O2 is higher underwater
C)  they can use cutaneous respiration through the soft lining of their throats
D)  they can store some air in special air sacs under the shellE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

What is the order of structures or spaces that a surgeon will pass through to operate on a human lung?

Accepted Answer

A)  skin -> intercostal muscles -> parietal pleural membrane -> pleural cavity -> visceral pleural membrane -> lung tissue
B)  skin -> intercostal muscles -> pleural cavity -> parietal pleural membrane -> visceral pleural membrane -> lung tissue
C)  skin -> visceral pleural membrane -> intercostal muscles -> pleural cavity -> parietal pleural membrane -> lung tissue
D)  skin -> intercostal muscles -> visceral pleural membrane -> pleural cavity -> parietal pleural membrane -> lung tissue
E)  skin -> pleural cavity -> intercostal muscles -> visceral pleural membrane -> parietal pleural membrane -> lung tissueF) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Exam 47: The Respiratory System

Correct Answer
verified

What respiratory adaptation was important for the invasion of land by arthropods?

Correct Answer
verified

Protruding papulae on the surface of echinoderms improve respiratory efficiency by ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Soft-shelled turtles can remain submerged underwater for several hours without ventilating their lungs because ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Fick's law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion of a gas across a membrane depends on all of the following except

Correct Answer
verified

The large number of alveoli in lungs improve gas exchange by ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Major evolutionary changes have resulted in anatomical and physiological adaptations that optimize the rate of gas exchange in animals by each of these factors except ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Every winter,many individuals tragically die in their sleep due to faulty heaters that leak carbon monoxide (CO) during the night.How does CO poisoning lead to death?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the order of structures or spaces that a surgeon will pass through to operate on a human lung?

Correct Answer
verified

Which part of a hemoglobin molecule binds to a molecule of O₂?

Correct Answer
verified

During your dissection of a fish,what structure would you have to remove to see the gills?

Correct Answer
verified

When is the P_O2 an especially strong stimulant of the respiratory control center in the brain of healthy individuals?

Correct Answer
verified

Air enters human lungs from the mouth by passing through the ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Tom is choking on a piece of steak that is stuck in his trachea,and he signals for his young son to call 911.It takes the paramedics four minutes to reach his house.Will this be in time to save Tom (and why) ,or will Tom already be dead (and why) ?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 47: The Respiratory System

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What respiratory adaptation was important for the invasion of land by arthropods?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Protruding papulae on the surface of echinoderms improve respiratory efficiency by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Soft-shelled turtles can remain submerged underwater for several hours without ventilating their lungs because ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fick's law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion of a gas across a membrane depends on all of the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The large number of alveoli in lungs improve gas exchange by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Major evolutionary changes have resulted in anatomical and physiological adaptations that optimize the rate of gas exchange in animals by each of these factors except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Every winter,many individuals tragically die in their sleep due to faulty heaters that leak carbon monoxide (CO) during the night.How does CO poisoning lead to death?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the order of structures or spaces that a surgeon will pass through to operate on a human lung?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which part of a hemoglobin molecule binds to a molecule of O2?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During your dissection of a fish,what structure would you have to remove to see the gills?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When is the PO2 an especially strong stimulant of the respiratory control center in the brain of healthy individuals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Air enters human lungs from the mouth by passing through the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tom is choking on a piece of steak that is stuck in his trachea,and he signals for his young son to call 911.It takes the paramedics four minutes to reach his house.Will this be in time to save Tom (and why) ,or will Tom already be dead (and why) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which part of a hemoglobin molecule binds to a molecule of O₂?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

When is the P_O2 an especially strong stimulant of the respiratory control center in the brain of healthy individuals?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified