Question 1

Viral meningitis normally requires aggressive antiviral treatment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

In both botulism and tetanus, respiratory muscles cannot facilitate breathing and, if untreated, respiratory collapse leads to death.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Cryptococcus neoformans is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   virus
B)   bacteria
C)   prion
D)   fungus
E)   helminthF) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

All of the following pertain to poliomyelitis except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   summer outbreaks in the United States have been increasing recently
B)   transmitted primarily by fecal-contaminated water
C)   can be asymptomatic or mild with headache, sore throat, fever, and nausea
D)   if virus enters the central nervous system motor, neurons can be infected and destroyed
E)   caused by enterovirusF) All of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 5

The virulence of Haemophilus influenzae serotype b is associated with its ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   fimbriae
B)   neurotoxin
C)   enterotoxin
D)   capsule
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 6

Up to 50% of persons who survived polio as children will suffer from post-polio syndrome later in life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Neisseria meningitidis is transmitted by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   casual contact
B)   close contact
C)   intimate contact
D)   indirect contact
E)   fomitesF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 8

Arthrospores of Coccidioides immitis develop into ________ that will release endospores into the lungs.

Accepted Answer

A)   hyphae
B)   capsules
C)   spherules
D)   capsids
E)   budsF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

What is the best measure of prevention for pneumococcus?

Accepted Answer

A)   Avoidance of crowded living spaces, such as college dormitories
B)   Taking antibiotics for any cold symptoms
C)   Vaccination with Pneumovax 23
D)   Drink plenty of fluidsE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

The concept of "immunologically privileged" explains why the CNS ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   has a greater immune response than the rest of the body
B)   has a reduced immune response compared to the rest of the body
C)   has a completely different set of immune responses
D)   has more MHC markers than other tissues
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 11

Multiple tests are performed, and the patient is diagnosed with Eastern Equine Encephalitis. What is the best initial treatment regimen?

Accepted Answer

A)   Acyclovir, antiepileptic drugs, lumbar puncture
B)   Lumbar puncture, CT scan, MRI
C)   Acyclovir, medical coma, heart catheterization
D)   Hydration, antiepileptic drugs, antipyreticsE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Tetanus can be prevented with the DTaP childhood immunization and boosters of the tetanus toxoid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Following vaccination, no cases of attenuated polio virus reverting to a neurovirulent strain have been documented.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

While the nervous system is believed to be free from microbiota in the healthy state, research has shown that the gut microbiome plays an important role in the development of the nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

All of the following pertain to Neisseria meningitidis except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   virulent factors include a capsule, pili, endotoxin, and IgA protease
B)   causes a serious meningitis
C)   reservoir is the nasopharynx of human carriers
D)   more easily transmitted in day care facilities, dorms, and military barracks
E)   common cause of bacterial pneumoniaF) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 16

Although many viruses can cause meningitis, the most common viral cause is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   measles
B)   cytomegalovirus
C)   arbovirus
D)   enterovirus
E)   arenavirusF) C) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 17

How is the poliovirus transmitted?

Accepted Answer

A)   Fecal-oral
B)   Arthropod
C)   Respiratory droplets
D)   Undercooked foodE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Botulism is often referred to as lockjaw.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Meningococci initially colonize the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   lacrimal ducts
B)   oral mucosa
C)   nasopharynx
D)   eustachian tube
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 20

The preferred preventative measure for polio in the United States is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV)  developed by Jonas Salk
B)   oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV)  developed by Jonas Salk
C)   inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV)  developed by Albert Sabin
D)   oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV)  developed by Albert SabinE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Exam 17: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

In both botulism and tetanus, respiratory muscles cannot facilitate breathing and, if untreated, respiratory collapse leads to death.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Multiple tests are performed, and the patient is diagnosed with Eastern Equine Encephalitis. What is the best initial treatment regimen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Viral meningitis normally requires aggressive antiviral treatment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Following vaccination, no cases of attenuated polio virus reverting to a neurovirulent strain have been documented.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Botulism is often referred to as lockjaw.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Neisseria meningitidis is transmitted by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Up to 50% of persons who survived polio as children will suffer from post-polio syndrome later in life.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following pertain to Neisseria meningitidis except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The preferred preventative measure for polio in the United States is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Arthrospores of Coccidioides immitis develop into ________ that will release endospores into the lungs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The virulence of Haemophilus influenzae serotype b is associated with its ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Meningococci initially colonize the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

While the nervous system is believed to be free from microbiota in the healthy state, research has shown that the gut microbiome plays an important role in the development of the nervous system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although many viruses can cause meningitis, the most common viral cause is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How is the poliovirus transmitted?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cryptococcus neoformans is a ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The concept of "immunologically privileged" explains why the CNS ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tetanus can be prevented with the DTaP childhood immunization and boosters of the tetanus toxoid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following pertain to poliomyelitis except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the best measure of prevention for pneumococcus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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