A) All of these seem to be permanent with no discernible changes over the 4 centuries of observing them.
B) Brown ovals routinely change into white ovals and then back into brown.
C) White ovals have been observed to merge to create a red spot.
D) The Great Red Spot seems too create and spin off other smaller red spots.
F) A) and B)
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A) The Great Dark Spot was much smaller in relation to Neptune's size.
B) The Great Dark Spot wandered over Neptune's surface, whereas the Great Red Spot remains relatively fixed.
C) The Great Dark Spot disappeared after a few years.
D) The Great Dark Spot was matched by a similar spot on the opposite side of the planet, whereas the Great Red Spot is solitary.
F) A) and C)
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A) somewhat shorter than that of Earth, between 10 to 20 hours.
B) reasonably long, on the order of several Earth days.
C) much shorter than that of Earth, between 1 and 2 hours.
D) very long, on the order of years, because of the sizes of these planets.
F) A) and D)
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A) drifting lakes
B) sand dune-like features
C) a high mountain range
D) water on the surface
F) A) and B)
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A) liquid metallic helium
B) solid metallic hydrogen
C) liquid metallic hydrogen
D) a molten iron-nickel mixture
F) None of the above
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A) smoothly polished rock.
B) carbon dioxide ice.
C) sulfur.
D) water ice.
F) B) and C)
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A) the direction of Jupiter's rotation is opposite to that of most of the planets and opposite to its direction of revolution around the Sun.
B) Jupiter's rotation rate has slowed down significantly since it was first observed through telescopes in the 1600s.
C) regions of Jupiter at different latitudes appear to rotate at different rates.
D) Jupiter's axis of rotation lies almost in the plane of its orbit.
F) None of the above
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A) impurities in a water-ice crust
B) sulfur and sulfur compounds
C) phosphorus compounds
D) organic (carbon) compounds discolored by solar ultraviolet light
F) B) and D)
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A) 20,000.
B) 1 million.
C) 14.
D) 2.
F) B) and C)
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A) Saturn
B) Pluto
C) Jupiter
D) Neptune
F) B) and C)
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A) a large volcano
B) scarps (long lines of cliffs)
C) plate tectonics
D) a satellite in orbit around Rhea
F) B) and C)
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A) nitrogen gas driven through fissures from beneath the surface by radioactive heat.
B) volcanic ash from eruptions similar to but much smaller than Earthbound eruptions.
C) sulfur dioxide from geysers heated by tidal stresses.
D) water, methane, and ammonia ice crystals above volcanic vents.
F) B) and C)
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A) molten nickel-iron, as on Earth
B) salty ice water
C) liquid metallic hydrogen, as on Saturn
D) Enceladus is too small to generate its own magnetic field, so this must be an induced field, caused by the presence of Saturn.
F) A) and B)
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A) Yes. Jupiter would need only about double its present mass.
B) Yes. Jupiter would need slightly less than 100 times its present mass.
C) Yes, but Jupiter would need thousands of times its present mass.
D) No. No amount of extra mass could make a planet into a star.
F) A) and B)
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A) The magnetosphere wobbles considerably as the planet rotates.
B) The strength of the magnetic field is less than that of Earth's field.
C) The center of the field is well removed from the center of Uranus.
D) The magnetic field axis is 59 degrees from the planet's rotation axis.
F) All of the above
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A) accidentally, by an astronomer taking photographs for an all-sky survey
B) accidentally, by an astronomer studying the sky visually through a telescope
C) by a careful application of Newton's laws to the somewhat irregular motions of Uranus
D) by a careful search with the Hubble Space Telescope
F) B) and C)
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A) in tectonic plate motion.
B) when an impactor struck the body and remained embedded.
C) in a powerful internal explosion that occurred early in Miranda's history.
D) when large blocks of ice and rock were lifted off the surface in an impact and then settled back.
F) B) and C)
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A) have axes that are tilted a long way from the spin axis of the planets.
B) have axes that are aligned almost exactly with the planet's spin axis.
C) are nonexistent because Uranus and Neptune have no magnetic fields.
D) are much more powerful, dominating the motions of clouds on these planets.
F) None of the above
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A) the amount of sunlight reaching Jupiter varies with time.
B) the absorption of radiation by interplanetary dust between Jupiter and Earth varies with time.
C) Jupiter is a fluid planet, and its size and brightness both pulsate with a long oscillation period.
D) the distance between Jupiter and Earth varies.
F) A) and B)
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A) molten lava flowing from active volcanoes
B) liquid water under its surface
C) thin atmosphere
D) a magnetic field
F) B) and C)
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