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Explain why sanctions are usually not necessary in order to enforce cultural norms.

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The symbolic aspects of culture are less real and important than the actual reality of life.

A) True
B) False

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People generally follow norms for behavior because they


A) only fear serious punishment for violations.
B) have thought about all their actions and act in the way they find most efficient.
C) are physically forced to do so.
D) have learned and internalized the common expectations for behavior.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Language reflects the value placed on different groups in society.

A) True
B) False

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When one aspect of culture changes more slowly than other aspects, sociologists call this cultural


A) leveling.
B) obstructions.
C) lag.
D) construction.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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The specific cultural expectations for how to behave in a given situation are called _.


A) norms
B) directives
C) belief-based actualizations
D) culture-constructs

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following is true about the meanings of symbols?


A) They depend on the culture in which they appear.
B) They have no influence on human behavior.
C) They are inherent in the symbol itself.
D) They are always the same, regardless of the context in which they exist.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Whereas earlier immigrants to the U.S. were predominantly from Europe, today most new immigrants come to the U.S. from _.


A) Southern and Eastern Europe
B) Asia and Latin America
C) the Middle East and Africa
D) South America and the Caribbean

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Conflict theorists view culture in which of the following ways?


A) A form of integration
B) Controlled by economic monopolies
C) Multiple interests
D) A form of stability around other areas of conflict

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Mores are


A) the ordinary customs of different group cultures.
B) strict norms that control moral and ethical behavior.
C) often upheld through laws that bring serious repercussions.
D) norms that provide strict codes of behavior.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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is an interdisciplinary field that builds on symbolic interactionism and is often critical of classical sociological approaches.


A) Cultural studies
B) Conflict analysis
C) Communication studies
D) Critical sociology

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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According to symbolic interactionists, culture


A) serves the interests of powerful groups.
B) creates group identity from diverse cultural meaning.
C) provides coherence and stability to society.
D) is unpredictable and constantly changing.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Identify the five characteristics of culture.

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The five characteristics of culture are:...

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People frequently question the practices of their own culture.

A) True
B) False

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Freedom, democracy, and equal opportunity are examples of:


A) sanctions.
B) functions.
C) values.
D) mores.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Material culture consists of


A) objects created in a given culture.
B) ideas and beliefs of a group of people.
C) laws, customs, and ideas.
D) ideas about what is right and wrong.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Define cultural capital; give two examples.

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Cultural capital refers to the knowledge...

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Discuss the impact of the mass media on racial perception in the U.S.

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The mass media has a significant impact ...

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Classical sociologists placed most emphasis on .


A) material culture
B) nonmaterial culture
C) real culture
D) cultural constructions

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Norms govern every situation.

A) True
B) False

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