Question 1

The first recognizable ancestors of the lineage leading to humans are

Accepted Answer

A)   Australopithecus afarensis.
B)   Paranthropus.
C)   Sahelanthropus tchadensis.
D)   Orrorin tugenensis.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Which of the following is an adaptive characteristic of bipedalism?

Accepted Answer

A)   opposable thumb
B)   nails instead of claws
C)   convergent eyes
D)   longitudinal arch in the footE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Discuss the anatomical changes that occurred in the bipedal hominin and how they reflect certain habitat adaptations, and then discuss the hypotheses that propose why the change occurred.

Accepted Answer

Among other, more detailed anatomical fe...

Question 4

A key finding of the study of early hominins is that

Accepted Answer

A)   humans ultimately arose from a long lineage of less and less apelike forms.
B)   the multiple species of australopithecines were highly diverse in locomotion, mastication, and several other aspects.
C)   australopithecines were very diverse in diet and other features, but they all had almost identical postcrania, suggesting that they moved around in the same bipedal fashion.
D)   there will never be enough fossils to put together a description of evolutionary patterns for premodern hominins.E) None of the above
F) All of the above B

Question 5

Owen Lovejoy's provisioning hypothesis proposes that

Accepted Answer

A)   bipedalism meant less body surface to expose to the sun, resulting in a smaller body size.
B)   monogamy and food provisioning created the necessity for bipedalism.
C)   bipedalism arose in areas where the forest was disappearing.
D)   bipedalism arose as a result of a shift to hunting as a primary source of food.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

The adaptive radiation of the australopithecines after their split from the lineage that led to early Homo seems to have focused on

Accepted Answer

A)   bipedalism.
B)   mastication.
C)   brain size increase.
D)   body size increase.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 7

The MOST obvious features defining the robust australopithecines compared to other early hominins are

Accepted Answer

A)   lack of bipedalism and very small heads.
B)   very thin enamel.
C)   the presence of a large sagittal crest and flaring zygomatic.
D)   forward-facing eyes and reduced olfactory abilities.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Ardi was adapted to life in trees and

Accepted Answer

A)   on the ground.
B)   in the desert.
C)   near water.
D)   on the ground and near water.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 9

Beginning more than 3 mya, at least two lineages of hominin emerged, one that led to the genus Homo and one that

Accepted Answer

A)   included the now-extinct descendants of Au.afarensis.
B)   gave rise to the genus Ardipithecus.
C)   was an evolution of other australopithecine lineages.
D)   ended with Au.africanus.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is an adaptive characteristic of bipedalism?

Accepted Answer

A)   valgus knee
B)   nails instead of claws
C)   convergent eyes
D)   absence of arch in the footE) A) and C)
F) C) and D) A

Question 11

Based on the research of Philip Reno, early hominins show reduced sexual dimorphism, which is evidence for cooperation and likely for

Accepted Answer

A)   monogamy.
B)   multifamily grouping.
C)   pair bonding.
D)   multimale grouping.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above C

Question 12

Fossils attributed to Australopithecus garhi were found at the Bouri site, in Ethiopia, along with

Accepted Answer

A)   abundant stone tools.
B)   animal bones with cutmarks.
C)   evidence for early Homo.
D)   fossil footprints.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Starting with the work of Thomas Huxley, Charles Darwin based his theory of human origins on which set of observations?

Accepted Answer

A)   There was an excellent fossil record of human evolution from which Huxley and Darwin concluded that humans had a close evolutionary relationship with the African apes.
B)   Humans are bipedal while other apes are not, humans have larger canines than other apes, humans are tool users, and humans have larger brains.
C)   Humans are bipedal while other apes are not; humans have smaller canines than chimps, gorillas, or orangs; humans are tool users; and humans have larger brains.
D)   Since the fossil record known at the time linked humans and orangs, both Huxley and Darwin assumed humans evolved in Asia.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Based on the morphology of the hand phalanx, Orrorin tugenensis lived in a

Accepted Answer

A)   dry savanna.
B)   woodland environment.
C)   jungle environment.
D)   forest environment.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Robust australopithecines are also called

Accepted Answer

A)   Orrorin.
B)   Sahelanthropus.
C)   Gigantopithecus.
D)   Paranthropus.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Ardi's intermediate form of bipedality included the use of

Accepted Answer

A)   longer hind limbs for clinging and leaping.
B)   palms and feet to move along tree branches.
C)   long phalanges to wrap around tree branches.
D)   a tail.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

An increased ability to see greater distances is one of the adaptations to

Accepted Answer

A)   bipedalism.
B)   diurnal sleeping patterns.
C)   improved diet.
D)   becoming larger.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

The patchy forest hypothesis proposes that forests

Accepted Answer

A)   became patchy and food more dispersed.
B)   became lush woodlands.
C)   became wet and swamp-like.
D)   did not change.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

The earliest hominins probably lived in which kind of environment?

Accepted Answer

A)   dense tropical forest
B)   complex hybrid habitats
C)   open savanna grassland
D)   arid, high-altitude uplandsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

The small canyon in northern Tanzania where many early hominin fossils have been recovered (often referred to as the "cradle of humankind")  is

Accepted Answer

A)   Lake Turkana.
B)   Olduvai Gorge.
C)   Swartkrans.
D)   Hadar.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Exam 10: Early Hominin Origins and Evolution: The Roots of Humanity

The first recognizable ancestors of the lineage leading to humans are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an adaptive characteristic of bipedalism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the anatomical changes that occurred in the bipedal hominin and how they reflect certain habitat adaptations, and then discuss the hypotheses that propose why the change occurred.

Correct AnswerverifiedAmong other, more detailed anatomical fe...View AnswerShow Answer

A key finding of the study of early hominins is that

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Owen Lovejoy's provisioning hypothesis proposes that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The adaptive radiation of the australopithecines after their split from the lineage that led to early Homo seems to have focused on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The MOST obvious features defining the robust australopithecines compared to other early hominins are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ardi was adapted to life in trees and

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Beginning more than 3 mya, at least two lineages of hominin emerged, one that led to the genus Homo and one that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an adaptive characteristic of bipedalism?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Based on the research of Philip Reno, early hominins show reduced sexual dimorphism, which is evidence for cooperation and likely for

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Fossils attributed to Australopithecus garhi were found at the Bouri site, in Ethiopia, along with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Starting with the work of Thomas Huxley, Charles Darwin based his theory of human origins on which set of observations?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the morphology of the hand phalanx, Orrorin tugenensis lived in a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Robust australopithecines are also called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ardi's intermediate form of bipedality included the use of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An increased ability to see greater distances is one of the adaptations to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The patchy forest hypothesis proposes that forests

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The earliest hominins probably lived in which kind of environment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The small canyon in northern Tanzania where many early hominin fossils have been recovered (often referred to as the "cradle of humankind") is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Among other, more detailed anatomical fe...
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B

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A

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C

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