Question 1

What did Levinson conclude about females in midlife transition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Females have significantly less distress during this process.
B)  Females face the midlife transition earlier and with greater difficulty than males.
C)  Females who had children had an easier time than those who did not.
D)  Like males,females also experience the stages,transitions and crisis of middle age.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 2

Wayne has not explored different life options.His parents want him to become a lawyer,and he is planning to attend the law school that they have chosen for him.Marcia would say that Wayne is in a state of identity

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion.
B)  foreclosure.
C)  moratorium.
D)  achievement.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Cross-cultural research shows which of the following about adolescents around the world?

Accepted Answer

A)  Almost three-fourths of the adolescents had a healthy self-image.
B)  Almost three-fourths of the adolescents had an unhealthy self-image.
C)  Less than half of the adolescents had a healthy self-image.
D)  Almost three-fourths of the adolescents had unrealistically positive self-images.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Specht and colleagues (2011) found that emotional stability,extraversion,openness,and agreeableness were ______ in early adulthood,________ between 40-60 years of age,and _____ in late adulthood.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher; stable; decreased
B)  lower; peaked; decreased
C)  lower; increased; peaked
D)  higher; decreased; peakedE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Thirteen-year-old Cody does not understand or care about how his strengths and weaknesses will guide him into different roles in the future.According to Marcia,Cody is in a state of identity

Accepted Answer

A)  achievement.
B)  diffusion.
C)  commitment.
D)  moratorium.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 6

The Berkeley longitudinal studies indicated that life-span personality development is marked by

Accepted Answer

A)  significant change.
B)  significant stability.
C)  neither extreme change nor extreme stability.
D)  significant flux in self-confidence.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 7

According to Marcia,the existence of an individual's crisis or commitment in the process of developing a self determines their

Accepted Answer

A)  identity diffusion.
B)  identity status.
C)  identity foreclosure.
D)  identity moratorium.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

Judy reminisces about when her children were young.She reveals to her daughter that she often felt tired and discouraged during those times.Seeing her children as parents helps Judy realize that she was and is a good mother.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  life review.
B)  the fluctuating self.
C)  possible selves.
D)  self-esteem.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

According to Cooper,mutuality and permeability are two dimensions of

Accepted Answer

A)  self-assertion.
B)  separateness.
C)  individuality.
D)  connectedness.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

How has recent research helped to reshape the dominant Piaget view of infants' and young children's understanding of others?

Accepted Answer

A)  "It has shown that they are not as egocentric and are more socially perceptive than Piaget thought.
B)  It has shown that children have less of a sense of self and others than Piaget gave them credit for.
C)  It suggests that children have less of a grasp of social states than Piaget thought.
D)  It has shown that children's understanding of internal states cannot be improved through direct communication about them.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Which of the following is a finding of Helson's Mills College study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women in their 40s experience many of the same concerns that Levinson found about men in midlife.
B)  The concerns women feel in midlife show a drastic contrast to what Levinson found about men in midlife.
C)  Women who are family-oriented,career-oriented,and those who follow neither path change in the same way throughout adulthood.
D)  Women who are family-oriented and career-oriented changed much less than those who follow neither path.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Sal is 75 years old.He is most likely to personally invest in his

Accepted Answer

A)  health.
B)  family.
C)  friends.
D)  work.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Letti allows her young son to try many different activities-sports,chess,music,and so on.She wants him to discover his natural abilities and interests in order to

Accepted Answer

A)  help him realize his limitations.
B)  decrease his self-consciousness.
C)  increase his self-esteem.
D)  increase his multiple selves.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D) C

Question 14

When adults strive to pass down their legacies to the younger generations,they show

Accepted Answer

A)  identity.
B)  intimacy.
C)  generativity.
D)  stagnation.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 15

Scott realizes that his memory is not what it used to be.He carries a small notebook with him to write down important information that he will need to recall later.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  compensation.
B)  accommodation.
C)  a contradiction within the self.
D)  optimization.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

Jana has considered herself differently across a short period of time,as a tomboy,dancer,honor student,and so on.This is an example of Jana's

Accepted Answer

A)  ideal self.
B)  real self.
C)  possible self
D)  fluctuating self.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C) D

Question 17

According to the cumulative personality model of personality development,as people age they become more adept at

Accepted Answer

A)  personality change.
B)  identifying negative personality traits in others.
C)  interacting with their environment in ways that support personality stability.
D)  resisting any changes.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Which of the following statements is NOT supported by research findings? Low self-esteem is

Accepted Answer

A)  correlated with perceived negative physical appearance.
B)  correlated with depression and lack of happiness.
C)  strongly correlated with adult job performance.
D)  correlated with poor mental and physical health in later life.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

According to Erik Erikson,a key aspect of adolescent development is the need to

Accepted Answer

A)  form an identity.
B)  develop trusting relationships.
C)  be independent.
D)  explore his or her sexuality.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Thora loves to paint but realizes her fine-motor movement is not what it used to be.She now paints in the morning when she experiences fewer tremors and makes sure to go slowly when working on her projects.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  selection.
B)  optimization.
C)  compensation.
D)  assimilation.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D) B

Exam 11: The Self, identity, and Personality

What did Levinson conclude about females in midlife transition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Wayne has not explored different life options.His parents want him to become a lawyer,and he is planning to attend the law school that they have chosen for him.Marcia would say that Wayne is in a state of identity

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cross-cultural research shows which of the following about adolescents around the world?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Specht and colleagues (2011) found that emotional stability,extraversion,openness,and agreeableness were ______ in early adulthood,________ between 40-60 years of age,and _____ in late adulthood.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Thirteen-year-old Cody does not understand or care about how his strengths and weaknesses will guide him into different roles in the future.According to Marcia,Cody is in a state of identity

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Berkeley longitudinal studies indicated that life-span personality development is marked by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Marcia,the existence of an individual's crisis or commitment in the process of developing a self determines their

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Judy reminisces about when her children were young.She reveals to her daughter that she often felt tired and discouraged during those times.Seeing her children as parents helps Judy realize that she was and is a good mother.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Cooper,mutuality and permeability are two dimensions of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How has recent research helped to reshape the dominant Piaget view of infants' and young children's understanding of others?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a finding of Helson's Mills College study?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sal is 75 years old.He is most likely to personally invest in his

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Letti allows her young son to try many different activities-sports,chess,music,and so on.She wants him to discover his natural abilities and interests in order to

Correct AnswerverifiedC

When adults strive to pass down their legacies to the younger generations,they show

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Scott realizes that his memory is not what it used to be.He carries a small notebook with him to write down important information that he will need to recall later.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jana has considered herself differently across a short period of time,as a tomboy,dancer,honor student,and so on.This is an example of Jana's

Correct AnswerverifiedD

According to the cumulative personality model of personality development,as people age they become more adept at

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is NOT supported by research findings? Low self-esteem is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Erik Erikson,a key aspect of adolescent development is the need to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Thora loves to paint but realizes her fine-motor movement is not what it used to be.She now paints in the morning when she experiences fewer tremors and makes sure to go slowly when working on her projects.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedB

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Specht and colleagues (2011) found that emotional stability,extraversion,openness,and agreeableness were __ in early adulthood, between 40-60 years of age,and _ in late adulthood.

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C

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D

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B