Question 1

Which of the following explains why young children have unrealistically positive self-descriptions?

Accepted Answer

A)  They don't yet distinguish between their desired and actual competence.
B)  They don't compare their own abilities with others.
C)  They don't distinguish their real self from their ideal self.
D)  All of these answers are correct.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

Some psychologists believe that trait theories of personality give too little attention to _____ and put too much emphasis on _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  stability; environment
B)  environment; stability
C)  biology; plasticity
D)  environment; plasticityE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of how a young child might make a self-evaluation using an unrealistically positive overestimation?

Accepted Answer

A)  I am sometimes scared of the dark.
B)  I know most of my ABCs.
C)  I can sing part of that song.
D)  I am never scared.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 4

The selective optimization with compensation model is based on the idea that older adults fare better when they

Accepted Answer

A)  ignore their increasing limitations.
B)  use technology to broaden and increase their daily activities and efforts.
C)  effectively and creatively allocate new skills to tasks they want to master.
D)  reduce their self-control and regulation.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

The life-events approach to understanding adult development has been criticized for which of the following reasons?

Accepted Answer

A)  It focuses too much on change and too little on stability.
B)  It focuses too little on common daily experiences.
C)  It focuses too much on life's major events.
D)  All of these answers are correct.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 6

What individuals might become,what they would like to become,and what they dread they will become constitutes their

Accepted Answer

A)  possible selves.
B)  fluctuating selves.
C)  self-consciousness.
D)  self-integration.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

In the Berkeley longitudinal studies,which of the following dimensions was considered the LEAST stable in adult personality development?

Accepted Answer

A)  degree of hostility
B)  being intellectually oriented
C)  openness to new experiences
D)  self-confidenceE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 8

According to Marcia,adolescents who have explored alternatives and have made a commitment are in a state of identity

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion.
B)  foreclosure.
C)  moratorium.
D)  achievement.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 9

As individuals get older,they describe _____ possible selves and portray them in more _____ ways.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; abstract
B)  fewer; concrete
C)  fewer; abstract
D)  more; concreteE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Yves had a tumultuous adolescence.As a young adult,he isolates himself from his peers and family.According to Erikson,Yves emerged from his adolescent crisis with

Accepted Answer

A)  identity confusion.
B)  identity formation.
C)  identity crisis.
D)  identity isolation.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Older adults are more likely to link their well-being to ______,while younger adults are more likely to assess their well-being in terms of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  their accomplishments; physical attraction
B)  their accomplishments; their careers
C)  their accomplishments and good health; their ability to accept change
D)  good health and their ability to accept change; their careersE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 12

In late adolescence or early adulthood,one typically puts all the disparate parts of the self together in a systematical way and construct a general theory of self-understanding.We refer to this as

Accepted Answer

A)  the possible self.
B)  self-integration.
C)  the ideal self.
D)  self-consciousness.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 13

According to Marcia,adolescents who have not explored meaningful alternatives or made any commitments or show no interest in such matters are in a state of identity

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion.
B)  foreclosure.
C)  moratorium.
D)  achievement.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Which of the following is an enduring aspect of the self that includes a sense of membership in an ethnic group,along with the attitudes and feelings related to that membership?

Accepted Answer

A)  bicultural identity
B)  identity diffusion
C)  ethnic identity
D)  identity foreclosureE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Juan is a college student who is reflecting on his ethnic identity and how he fits into mainstream culture.He has a diverse group of friends,loves American cinema,and is active in the campus Latino Club.Juan likely

Accepted Answer

A)  suffers from low self-esteem and identity confusion.
B)  has identity diffusion.
C)  has a bicultural identity.
D)  has an identity moratorium.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

What theory emphasizes the influence of life experiences on personality development?

Accepted Answer

A)  BOOM theory
B)  contemporary life-events approach
C)  MAMA cycles
D)  Big Five factors of personality theoryE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 17

Mariah identifies herself as a kind person,a girl scout,and the best soccer player on her team,something which will never change.Mariah is in

Accepted Answer

A)  adulthood.
B)  adolescence.
C)  early childhood.
D)  middle to late childhood.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

Todd explains that he is different from Davion because he is tall and has blonde hair and Davion is short and has brown hair.Todd is likely a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  toddler.
B)  preschooler.
C)  elementary school-aged child.
D)  adolescent.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

When describing herself,Cali says that she is the oldest child in her family,is president of the honor society at school,has a few close friends,and is on the student council.These aspects of Cali's self-understanding are based on

Accepted Answer

A)  roles and membership categories.
B)  representations of the self.
C)  personal memories.
D)  self-concepts.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

Dewey comprehends that he is a 10-year-old boy who is: on the chess team,a member of a family,loves computer games,and hates peanut butter.This is Dewey's

Accepted Answer

A)  self-esteem.
B)  personality.
C)  self-understanding.
D)  character.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 11: The Self, identity, and Personality

Which of the following is an example of how a young child might make a self-evaluation using an unrealistically positive overestimation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Older adults are more likely to link their well-being to ______,while younger adults are more likely to assess their well-being in terms of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Yves had a tumultuous adolescence.As a young adult,he isolates himself from his peers and family.According to Erikson,Yves emerged from his adolescent crisis with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What theory emphasizes the influence of life experiences on personality development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Juan is a college student who is reflecting on his ethnic identity and how he fits into mainstream culture.He has a diverse group of friends,loves American cinema,and is active in the campus Latino Club.Juan likely

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When describing herself,Cali says that she is the oldest child in her family,is president of the honor society at school,has a few close friends,and is on the student council.These aspects of Cali's self-understanding are based on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some psychologists believe that trait theories of personality give too little attention to _____ and put too much emphasis on _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What individuals might become,what they would like to become,and what they dread they will become constitutes their

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mariah identifies herself as a kind person,a girl scout,and the best soccer player on her team,something which will never change.Mariah is in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The selective optimization with compensation model is based on the idea that older adults fare better when they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Marcia,adolescents who have explored alternatives and have made a commitment are in a state of identity

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Todd explains that he is different from Davion because he is tall and has blonde hair and Davion is short and has brown hair.Todd is likely a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following explains why young children have unrealistically positive self-descriptions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In late adolescence or early adulthood,one typically puts all the disparate parts of the self together in a systematical way and construct a general theory of self-understanding.We refer to this as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The life-events approach to understanding adult development has been criticized for which of the following reasons?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an enduring aspect of the self that includes a sense of membership in an ethnic group,along with the attitudes and feelings related to that membership?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the Berkeley longitudinal studies,which of the following dimensions was considered the LEAST stable in adult personality development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Marcia,adolescents who have not explored meaningful alternatives or made any commitments or show no interest in such matters are in a state of identity

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As individuals get older,they describe _____ possible selves and portray them in more _____ ways.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dewey comprehends that he is a 10-year-old boy who is: on the chess team,a member of a family,loves computer games,and hates peanut butter.This is Dewey's

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Older adults are more likely to link their well-being to __,while younger adults are more likely to assess their well-being in terms of _.

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Some psychologists believe that trait theories of personality give too little attention to _ and put too much emphasis on _.

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As individuals get older,they describe _ possible selves and portray them in more _ ways.

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