Question 1

Use the following figure to answer the question.

The figure shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules differ in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
B)   types of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
C)   arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
D)   number of oxygen atoms joined to carbon atoms by double covalent bondsE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Use the figures to answer the question.
A.  −OH -\mathrm{OH} −OH 
C.  −NH2 -\mathrm{NH}_{2} −NH2​ 
B.

D.  −SH -\mathrm{SH} −SH 
Which of the groups is an acidic functional group that can dissociate and release H⁺ into a solution?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   D E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

The element present in all organic molecules is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   hydrogen
B)   oxygen
C)   carbon
D)   nitrogenE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 4

Differences among organisms are caused by differences in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   elemental composition from organism to organism
B)   types and relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each organism
C)   sizes of the organic molecules in each organism
D)   types of inorganic compounds present in each organismE) A) and B)
F) B) and C) B

Question 5

Use the figures to answer the question.

Which molecule shown can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   DE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In what way(s)  do these molecules differ from each other? Testosterone and estradiol ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   are structural isomers but have the same molecular formula
B)   are cis-trans isomers but have the same molecular formula
C)   have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton
D)   are enantiomers of the same organic moleculeE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following molecules is a part of ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)   adenosine
B)   cytosine
C)   guanine
D)   uracilE) A) and D)
F) All of the above A

Question 8

Use the figures to answer the question.

Which molecule(s)  shown is (are)  ionized in a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B and D
C)   C and D
D)   DE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 9

Use the figures to answer the question.

Which molecule shown has a carbonyl functional group in the form of an aldehyde?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   DE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?

Accepted Answer

A)   They have variations in arrangement around a double bond.
B)   They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images.
C)   They have the same chemical properties.
D)   They have different molecular formulas.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

The kind and number of bonds an atom can form depends on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   its atomic number
B)   its electron configuration
C)   its atomic mass
D)   the number of particles in its nucleusE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Which of the following illustrations is not a structural isomer of an organic compound with the molecular formula C₆H₁₄? For clarity, only the carbon skeletons are shown; hydrogen atoms that would be attached to the carbons have been omitted.

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   E) A) and D)
F) C) and D) C

Question 13

Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms but with one or more double bonds will ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   be more flexible in structure
B)   be more constrained in structure
C)   be more polar
D)   have more hydrogen atomsE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 14

Which functional group is not present in this molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)   carboxyl
B)   sulfhydryl
C)   hydroxyl
D)   aminoE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Which of the following carbon molecules does not have the bond angle of 109.5°?

Accepted Answer

A)   CH₄
B)   C₂H₄
C)   C₂H₆
D)   C₃H₈E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   ADP contains more energy than ATP.
B)   Following hydrolysis, ATP can give off one phosphate, whereas ADP cannot.
C)   ADP can have two positive charges.
D)   ATP can have four negative charges.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

What determines whether a carbon atom's covalent bonds to other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration?

Accepted Answer

A)   the presence or absence of bonds with oxygen atoms
B)   the presence or absence of double bonds between the carbon atom and other atoms
C)   the polarity of the covalent bonds between carbon and other atoms
D)   the solvent in which the organic molecule is dissolvedE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

Visualize the structural formula of each of the following hydrocarbons. Which hydrocarbon has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)   C₃H₈
B)   C₂H₆
C)   C₂H₄
D)   C₂H₂E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Use the following figure to answer the question.

The two molecules shown in the figures are best described as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   enantiomers
B)   structural isomers
C)   cis-trans isomers
D)   chain length isomersE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms)  of the same molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Use the following figure to answer the question. The figure shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules differ in the ________.

Correct Answer
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The element present in all organic molecules is ________.

Correct Answer
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Differences among organisms are caused by differences in the ________.

Correct Answer
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B

Use the figures to answer the question. Which molecule shown can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid?

Correct Answer
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Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In what way(s) do these molecules differ from each other? Testosterone and estradiol ________.

Correct Answer
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Which of the following molecules is a part of ATP?

Correct Answer
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A

Use the figures to answer the question. Which molecule(s) shown is (are) ionized in a cell?

Correct Answer
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Use the figures to answer the question. Which molecule shown has a carbonyl functional group in the form of an aldehyde?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?

Correct Answer
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The kind and number of bonds an atom can form depends on ________.

Correct Answer
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Which of the following illustrations is not a structural isomer of an organic compound with the molecular formula C₆H₁₄? For clarity, only the carbon skeletons are shown; hydrogen atoms that would be attached to the carbons have been omitted.

Correct Answer
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C

Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms but with one or more double bonds will ________.

Correct Answer
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Which functional group is not present in this molecule?

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Which of the following carbon molecules does not have the bond angle of 109.5°?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following statements is true?

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What determines whether a carbon atom's covalent bonds to other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration?

Correct Answer
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Visualize the structural formula of each of the following hydrocarbons. Which hydrocarbon has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?

Correct Answer
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Use the following figure to answer the question. The two molecules shown in the figures are best described as ________.

Correct Answer
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Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms) of the same molecule?

Correct Answer
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Exam 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Use the following figure to answer the question. The figure shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules differ in the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the figures to answer the question. A. −OH -\mathrm{OH} −OH C. −NH2 -\mathrm{NH}_{2} −NH2​ B. D. −SH -\mathrm{SH} −SH Which of the groups is an acidic functional group that can dissociate and release H⁺ into a solution?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The element present in all organic molecules is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Differences among organisms are caused by differences in the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Use the figures to answer the question. Which molecule shown can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively, in many vertebrates. In what way(s) do these molecules differ from each other? Testosterone and estradiol ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following molecules is a part of ATP?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Use the figures to answer the question. Which molecule(s) shown is (are) ionized in a cell?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the figures to answer the question. Which molecule shown has a carbonyl functional group in the form of an aldehyde?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kind and number of bonds an atom can form depends on ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following illustrations is not a structural isomer of an organic compound with the molecular formula C₆H₁₄? For clarity, only the carbon skeletons are shown; hydrogen atoms that would be attached to the carbons have been omitted.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Compared to a hydrocarbon chain where all the carbon atoms are linked by single bonds, a hydrocarbon chain with the same number of carbon atoms but with one or more double bonds will ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which functional group is not present in this molecule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following carbon molecules does not have the bond angle of 109.5°?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What determines whether a carbon atom's covalent bonds to other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Visualize the structural formula of each of the following hydrocarbons. Which hydrocarbon has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the following figure to answer the question. The two molecules shown in the figures are best described as ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms) of the same molecule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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B

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A

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C

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