Question 1

Research finds that shy people deliberately keep conversations short and polite and avoid potentially controversial or embarrassing topics. Some researchers point to these findings to suggest that social anxiety is caused by excessive

Accepted Answer

A)   fear of strangers.
B)   fear of the unknown.
C)   evaluation apprehension.
D)   need for control.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 2

When researchers compare Type A and Type B students on academic performance, they typically find

Accepted Answer

A)   Type As do better than Type Bs.
B)   Type Bs do better than Type As.
C)   Type As do better on tasks requiring a lot of time and effort, but Type Bs do better on everyday tasks.
D)   No differences between Type As and Type Bs.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

You read about a study of varying task difficulty in the textbook. In this study researchers threatened the participants' perception of their control, finding that

Accepted Answer

A)   the most difficult task aroused Type B participants more than TypeA.
B)   the most difficult task aroused Type A participants more than TypeB.
C)   Type B participants were more aroused than Type A for all difficulty levels.
D)   arousal levels did not differ between easy and difficult tasks.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 4

Which of the following is correct about the relation between affect intensity and well-being?

Accepted Answer

A)   People with high affect intensity are happier than those with low affect intensity.
B)   People with low affect intensity are happier than those with high affect intensity.
C)   People with high affect intensity are happier because they do more exciting things.
D)   People with high and low affect intensity tend to experience happiness differently.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Research on achievement and gender finds that men and women often differ in

Accepted Answer

A)   how much they want to succeed.
B)   how they define success.
C)   the length of time it takes them to succeed.
D)   how long they persist in the face of setbacks.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Researchers have found relatively stable individual differences in each of the following except one. Which one?

Accepted Answer

A)   Emotional awareness
B)   Emotional intensity
C)   Emotional expressiveness
D)   Emotional affectivityE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Compared to people with low affect intensity, those with high affect intensity are more likely to

Accepted Answer

A)   do exciting things, such as go to parties and concerts.
B)   have more positive experiences.
C)   have more negative experiences.
D)   react more strongly to positive and negative experiences.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Researchers studying positive and negative affect sometimes disagree on whether

Accepted Answer

A)   positive and negative affect are related dimensions of emotion.
B)   men or women are higher in positive affect.
C)   we can identify relatively stable levels of affect.
D)   positive affect is related to social behavior.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

Compared to Type Bs, how do Type A people typically respond to a stressful task?

Accepted Answer

A)   They become more aroused than Bs, but try to adjust their arousal level down.
B)   They are aware of becoming highly aroused, but choose to do nothing about it.
C)   They do not become as aroused as Type Bs.
D)   They become more aroused than Bs, but tend to ignore or deny physiological stress.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Among the conclusions we can draw from research on emotional affectivity, which of the following has been clearly demonstrated?

Accepted Answer

A)   People with positive affect report more health problems.
B)   Negative affect is related to psychological stress.
C)   Negative affect is related to social activity.
D)   all of the aboveE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Eric tends to have higher emotional highs than most people and lower emotional lows. He is probably high in

Accepted Answer

A)   emotional affectivity.
B)   affect intensity.
C)   emotional expressiveness.
D)   positive and negative affect.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true about social anxiety?

Accepted Answer

A)   Socially anxious people recognize the source of their anxiety.
B)   Social anxiety can result from anticipated social interactions.
C)   We can identify a relatively stable tendency for people to experience social anxiety.
D)   all of the aboveE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Suppose your friends just had a baby. From what you learned in personality class, in order to raise their child to have high need for Achievement you would advise your friends to

Accepted Answer

A)   involve themselves in all of the child's interests.
B)   continue giving encouragement and support in every activity of the child.
C)   not give the child rewards for personal accomplishments.
D)   find a balance between encouragement and robbing the child of initiative.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Researchers find that people who are high in _______ typically achieve more than the average person.

Accepted Answer

A)   affect intensity
B)   dispositional optimism
C)   social anxiety
D)   emotional expressivenessE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Predictably, high need achievers work hard at everything and tackle tasks with the potential for personal achievement with much energy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Researchers have found an association between achievement behavior and each of the following personality variables except one. Which one?

Accepted Answer

A)   Social anxiety
B)   Dispositional optimism
C)   Defensive pessimism
D)   Type AE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

People motivated by mastery goals __________than those driven by performance goals.

Accepted Answer

A)   achieve their goals more often
B)   tend to retain the skill they learn longer
C)   have greater difficulty with specific achievements
D)   tend to avoid whatever could lead to failure moreE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Which of the following did early researchers examining need for Achievement have in common with many psychoanalytic therapists?

Accepted Answer

A)   Both based their work on Freud's theory of personality.
B)   Both used free association.
C)   Both used projective tests.
D)   Both were concerned with repression.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Which of the following is true about gender and achievement?

Accepted Answer

A)   Men and women act similarly in achievement settings.
B)   Men and women differ in the way they define success.
C)   Women in our society are more likely to see success in terms of external standards.
D)   Men and women assign similar values to achievement tasks.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 20

Juanita works hard to do well in her English class. She wants to get the highest grade in the class on each exam, and is especially pleased when she is singled out for recognition. Researchers would say that Juanita is motivated by

Accepted Answer

A)   a striving for superiority.
B)   a high need for Achievement.
C)   mastery goals.
D)   performance goals.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 8: The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

Among the conclusions we can draw from research on emotional affectivity, which of the following has been clearly demonstrated?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research finds that shy people deliberately keep conversations short and polite and avoid potentially controversial or embarrassing topics. Some researchers point to these findings to suggest that social anxiety is caused by excessive

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You read about a study of varying task difficulty in the textbook. In this study researchers threatened the participants' perception of their control, finding that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on achievement and gender finds that men and women often differ in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared to Type Bs, how do Type A people typically respond to a stressful task?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When researchers compare Type A and Type B students on academic performance, they typically find

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers have found an association between achievement behavior and each of the following personality variables except one. Which one?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose your friends just had a baby. From what you learned in personality class, in order to raise their child to have high need for Achievement you would advise your friends to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers have found relatively stable individual differences in each of the following except one. Which one?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following did early researchers examining need for Achievement have in common with many psychoanalytic therapists?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true about gender and achievement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers find that people who are high in _______ typically achieve more than the average person.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared to people with low affect intensity, those with high affect intensity are more likely to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People motivated by mastery goals __________than those driven by performance goals.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Eric tends to have higher emotional highs than most people and lower emotional lows. He is probably high in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Predictably, high need achievers work hard at everything and tackle tasks with the potential for personal achievement with much energy.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is correct about the relation between affect intensity and well-being?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Juanita works hard to do well in her English class. She wants to get the highest grade in the class on each exam, and is especially pleased when she is singled out for recognition. Researchers would say that Juanita is motivated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers studying positive and negative affect sometimes disagree on whether

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true about social anxiety?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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