Question 1

Mark often goes to great lengths to avoid situations in which he might look foolish and embarrass himself. He won't try out for the school play and avoids speaking in front of groups whenever possible. A psychologist might identify Mark as suffering from

Accepted Answer

A)   loneliness.
B)   low self-esteem.
C)   poor social skills.
D)   poor cognitive development.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Most researchers define loneliness in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)   the number of people we come into contact with on an average day.
B)   the amount of time we spend alone versus the amount we spend with others.
C)   how well the amount and quality of our relationships with others satisfies our personal needs.
D)   the number of friends we have.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Which of the following statements is supported by research findings?

Accepted Answer

A)   Females tend to self-disclose more than males.
B)   Males tend to self-disclose more than females.
C)   Males and females tend to self-disclose about the same.
D)   Males self-disclose more than females to friends, females disclose more than males to strangers.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 4

According to Jourard, our ____________ increases when we disclose personal information to friends and loved ones.

Accepted Answer

A)   anxiety
B)   well-being
C)   disclosure reciprocity
D)   all of the aboveE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

According to the rules of disclosure reciprocity, people who disclose personal information in get-acquainted conversations tend to

Accepted Answer

A)   talk to themselves spontaneously.
B)   make judgments about the other person's self-esteem.
C)   talk about others more than themselves.
D)   match each other's level of intimacy.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Andrea has kept a secret about a traumatic childhood experience to herself for many years. After years of trying to not think about the experience, she decides to write about it in a diary. She spends an hour each night for several days writing about the experience and her feelings surrounding it. Based on research findings, what are the likely effects of Andrea's writing?

Accepted Answer

A)   Andrea's health should improve.
B)   Andrea will continue to be bothered by the experience until she shows the diary to someone.
C)   Andrea will become obsessed with the experience, thinking about it more than ever.
D)   Andrea will become depressed and require professional help.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 7

When high self-esteem people are confronted with a negative evaluation, they

Accepted Answer

A)   easily blame others for the results.
B)   tell themselves how well they do in other areas.
C)   distort the outcome or deny the evaluation.
D)   begin to self-disclose at higher rates.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

Humanistic psychologists maintain each of the following about self?disclosure except one. Which one?

Accepted Answer

A)   Self-disclosure is an important part of the therapy process.
B)   Self-disclosure allows people to better understand themselves.
C)   Self-disclosure allows people to grow emotionally and move toward self?actualization.
D)   Knowing when to self-disclose and when to avoid disclosure is a sign of good personal adjustment.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Of the following, which is not a positive aspect of solitude?

Accepted Answer

A)   Inner peace
B)   Creativity
C)   Spirituality
D)   All of the above are positive aspects.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 10

People in collectivist cultures are likely to feel good about themselves when they

Accepted Answer

A)   rise to positions of leadership.
B)   stand out from the crowd with an individual accomplishment.
C)   stand up for themselves.
D)   obtain a sense of belonging within the culture.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Which of the following statements is not supported by research findings?

Accepted Answer

A)   We disclose to other people only when we like them.
B)   We tend to like the people we disclose to.
C)   We tend to respond to intimate disclosure from new acquaintances with intimate disclosure about ourselves.
D)   We tend to disclose to people we like.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 12

In contrast to low self-esteem people, when faced with failure, people with high self-esteem typically work just as hard as they do after successes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Clarissa feels very good about herself at times, but is filled with self-doubt at other times. Researchers would probably describe her as

Accepted Answer

A)   low in self-esteem.
B)   extraverted.
C)   fluctuating in self-worth.
D)   in need of self-enhancement.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

According to the rule of disclosure reciprocity,

Accepted Answer

A)   we should always wait for people to disclose something about themselves before disclosing intimate information about ourselves.
B)   we should always try to say something self-disclosing when first meeting another person.
C)   two people involved in a get-acquainted conversation reveal information about themselves at roughly the same level of intimacy.
D)   we usually like people who self-disclose to us.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Whether people enjoy or dislike time alone depends on

Accepted Answer

A)   their gender.
B)   the number of siblings they grew up with.
C)   how much social contact they have at work and during the day.
D)   their preference for solitude level.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Compared to two people just getting to know one another, two good friends

Accepted Answer

A)   disclose relatively little to one another.
B)   are more likely to reciprocate their partner's level of intimacy during a conversation.
C)   are less likely to reciprocate their partner's level of intimacy during a conversation.
D)   typically limit their conversations to intimate topics.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Researchers using the experience sampling method typically discover that

Accepted Answer

A)   most people find time by themselves less pleasant than time spent with others.
B)   most people find time spent in solitude more pleasant than time spent with others.
C)   teenagers spend more time in solitude than adults.
D)   the amount of time we spend in solitude decreases as we age.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Participants in one experiment were asked to write either about something trivial or about an intimate experience they had found upsetting. The researchers found that the people writing about the intimate experience

Accepted Answer

A)   were relieved of their anxiety and worry about the event almost immediately after writing about it.
B)   were more stressed after writing about the experience, but it was good for their health in the long-run.
C)   showed signs of lessened anxiety immediately after the writing task, but showed an increase in health problems later.
D)   showed signs of being relieved of their anxiety about the event immediately after the task as well as several months later.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Researchers have found that

Accepted Answer

A)   we can identify people who have relatively consistent tendencies to experience loneliness.
B)   loneliness is synonymous with shyness.
C)   loneliness can only be determined by measuring the actual number of hours a person spends alone.
D)   loneliness is a problem only for those who say they have no friends.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

People _________ continually put their self-worth on the line when they interact with and are evaluated by others.

Accepted Answer

A)   who are low in self-esteem
B)   who are high in self-esteem
C)   with contingencies of self-worth
D)   with stable feelings of self-worthE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Exam 12: The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

Correct Answer
verified

Most researchers define loneliness in terms of

Correct Answer
verified

Of the following, which is not a positive aspect of solitude?

Correct Answer
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Researchers have found that

Correct Answer
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According to the rule of disclosure reciprocity,

Correct Answer
verified

Clarissa feels very good about herself at times, but is filled with self-doubt at other times. Researchers would probably describe her as

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is not supported by research findings?

Correct Answer
verified

People in collectivist cultures are likely to feel good about themselves when they

Correct Answer
verified

In contrast to low self-esteem people, when faced with failure, people with high self-esteem typically work just as hard as they do after successes.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is supported by research findings?

Correct Answer
verified

People _________ continually put their self-worth on the line when they interact with and are evaluated by others.

Correct Answer
verified

Participants in one experiment were asked to write either about something trivial or about an intimate experience they had found upsetting. The researchers found that the people writing about the intimate experience

Correct Answer
verified

Whether people enjoy or dislike time alone depends on

Correct Answer
verified

Researchers using the experience sampling method typically discover that

Correct Answer
verified

When high self-esteem people are confronted with a negative evaluation, they

Correct Answer
verified

Mark often goes to great lengths to avoid situations in which he might look foolish and embarrass himself. He won't try out for the school play and avoids speaking in front of groups whenever possible. A psychologist might identify Mark as suffering from

Correct Answer
verified

Compared to two people just getting to know one another, two good friends

Correct Answer
verified

According to the rules of disclosure reciprocity, people who disclose personal information in get-acquainted conversations tend to

Correct Answer
verified

Humanistic psychologists maintain each of the following about self?disclosure except one. Which one?

Correct Answer
verified

According to Jourard, our ____________ increases when we disclose personal information to friends and loved ones.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 12: The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most researchers define loneliness in terms of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the following, which is not a positive aspect of solitude?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers have found that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the rule of disclosure reciprocity,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Clarissa feels very good about herself at times, but is filled with self-doubt at other times. Researchers would probably describe her as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is not supported by research findings?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People in collectivist cultures are likely to feel good about themselves when they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In contrast to low self-esteem people, when faced with failure, people with high self-esteem typically work just as hard as they do after successes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is supported by research findings?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People _________ continually put their self-worth on the line when they interact with and are evaluated by others.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Participants in one experiment were asked to write either about something trivial or about an intimate experience they had found upsetting. The researchers found that the people writing about the intimate experience

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Whether people enjoy or dislike time alone depends on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers using the experience sampling method typically discover that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When high self-esteem people are confronted with a negative evaluation, they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mark often goes to great lengths to avoid situations in which he might look foolish and embarrass himself. He won't try out for the school play and avoids speaking in front of groups whenever possible. A psychologist might identify Mark as suffering from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared to two people just getting to know one another, two good friends

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the rules of disclosure reciprocity, people who disclose personal information in get-acquainted conversations tend to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Humanistic psychologists maintain each of the following about self?disclosure except one. Which one?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Jourard, our ____________ increases when we disclose personal information to friends and loved ones.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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