Question 1

The formation of amino acids under abiotic conditions was important because they serve as

Accepted Answer

A)  a supply of structural units for proteins.
B)  enzymes to catalyze reactions.
C)  subunits in the formation of DNA.
D)  subunits in the formation of RNA.
E)  subunits for the formation of lipids.F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 2

The assumption that there was little free oxygen in the earth's first atmosphere is supported by evidence derived from the study of

Accepted Answer

A)  ancient iron-containing rocks.
B)  the ancient atmosphere.
C)  oceanic sediments.
D)  moon rocks that formed at the same time as the earth.
E)  none of these.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 3

Hydrothermal vents are associated with the newest theory on early cell evolution.Which of the following is a true statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Synthesis of organic material occurs in superheated mineral rich water.
B)  Iron-sulfide molecules may act as cofactors for organic material production.
C)  Rock formed under these conditions has small pits about the size of an average cell.
D)  Under these conditions iron sulfide would donate hydrogen to carbon dioxide to form organics.
E)  All of these are true.F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 4

During the first major divergence of life the atmosphere was

Accepted Answer

A)  high oxygen, high carbon dioxide.
B)  high hydrogen, low oxygen.
C)  changing from anaerobic to aerobic.
D)  firmly in the age of aerobes.
E)  all of these.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 5

The mitochondrion

Accepted Answer

A)  has its own DNA.
B)  DNA has few noncoding regions between genes..
C)  resembles bacteria in size..
D)  resembles bacteria in structure..
E)  is all of these.F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 6

Which step in the evolution of life is the most complex and probably occurred last?

Accepted Answer

A)  formation of DNA
B)  formation of protein-RNA systems
C)  formation of membrane-bound proto-cells
D)  spontaneous formation of organic compounds under abiotic conditions
E)  formation of ATPF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 7

The endomembrane system did not start developing until the atmosphere was

Accepted Answer

A)  high oxygen, high carbon dioxide.
B)  high hydrogen, low oxygen.
C)  changing from low oxygen to high oxygen.
D)  firmly in the age of aerobes.
E)  all of these.F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 8

The first major divergence of life gave rise to all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria.
B)  archea.
C)  ancestors of the eukaryotes.
D)  endomembrane system.
E)  all of these.F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

Many organic compounds essential for life do NOT assemble spontaneously in the presence of

Accepted Answer

A)  high concentrations of hydrogen.
B)  high concentrations of oxygen.
C)  low concentrations of carbon dioxide.
D)  nitrogen.
E)  hydrogen sulfide.F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 10

Chloroplasts are thought to have originated as endosymbiotic associations when aerobic bacteria engulfed photosynthetic cells.This relationship was favored by the production of ___________ by the endosymbiont.

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose
B)  hydrogen ions
C)  ATP
D)  oxygen
E)  waterF) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 11

Life probably would never have emerged on Earth if the ancient atmosphere had been the same as the present one in regard to

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide.
B)  hydrogen.
C)  oxygen.
D)  nitrogen.
E)  carbon monoxide.F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 12

According to the endosymbiotic theory, eukaryotic cells evolved after and as a consequence of

Accepted Answer

A)  the cyclic pathway of photosynthesis.
B)  anaerobic respiration.
C)  cell division.
D)  the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis.
E)  chemosynthesis.F) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 13

By 3.2 billion years ago, chemosynthetic cells had become established

Accepted Answer

A)  near deep-sea hydrothermal vents.
B)  in salt lakes.
C)  in hot, highly acidic, fresh-water springs.
D)  in deep oceanic sediments.
E)  in the upper sunlit waters of the open oceans.F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 14

What step occurred first in the evolution of life?

Accepted Answer

A)  formation of DNA
B)  formation of protein-RNA systems
C)  formation of membrane-bound proto-cells
D)  spontaneous formation of organic compounds under abiotic conditions
E)  formation of ATPF) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 15

An hypothesis currently getting a lot of attention concerning the origin of biological molecules is that they originated

Accepted Answer

A)  in hot springs.
B)  near volcanoes.
C)  near hydrothermal oceanic vents.
D)  in salt lakes.
E)  in tidal pools.F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 16

The solar system is about how many years old?

Accepted Answer

A)  about 12 billion
B)  about 4.6 billion
C)  750 million
D)  400 million
E)  200 millionF) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 17

Contemporary hypotheses concerned with the origin of life focus on what two characteristics of living systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  energy conversion and biosynthesis
B)  self-replication and energy conversion
C)  plasma membranes and self-replication
D)  growth and development
E)  adaptation and responsivenessF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 18

The extensive infolding of eukaryotic membranes form structures that allow for

Accepted Answer

A)  the concentration of nutrients.
B)  greater surface area for metabolism.
C)  the transport of proteins.
D)  the protection of metabolic machinery.
E)  all of these.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

The endosymbiotic theory is supported by the work of __________ on bacteria-infected Amoeba proteus.

Accepted Answer

A)  Stanley Miller
B)  Jeon Kwang
C)  Thomas Brock
D)  Lynn Margulis
E)  Australian researchersF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 20

Mitochondria resemble bacteria in

Accepted Answer

A)  size.
B)  structure.
C)  that they contain DNA.
D)  that they divide independently.
E)  all of these.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Exam 20: The Origin and Evolution of Life

The first major divergence of life gave rise to all of the following except

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The endosymbiotic theory is supported by the work of __________ on bacteria-infected Amoeba proteus.

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Many organic compounds essential for life do NOT assemble spontaneously in the presence of

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The mitochondrion

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Contemporary hypotheses concerned with the origin of life focus on what two characteristics of living systems?

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An hypothesis currently getting a lot of attention concerning the origin of biological molecules is that they originated

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The formation of amino acids under abiotic conditions was important because they serve as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What step occurred first in the evolution of life?

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By 3.2 billion years ago, chemosynthetic cells had become established

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The endomembrane system did not start developing until the atmosphere was

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The solar system is about how many years old?

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The assumption that there was little free oxygen in the earth's first atmosphere is supported by evidence derived from the study of

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Mitochondria resemble bacteria in

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Hydrothermal vents are associated with the newest theory on early cell evolution.Which of the following is a true statement?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Life probably would never have emerged on Earth if the ancient atmosphere had been the same as the present one in regard to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The extensive infolding of eukaryotic membranes form structures that allow for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chloroplasts are thought to have originated as endosymbiotic associations when aerobic bacteria engulfed photosynthetic cells.This relationship was favored by the production of ___________ by the endosymbiont.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the endosymbiotic theory, eukaryotic cells evolved after and as a consequence of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which step in the evolution of life is the most complex and probably occurred last?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the first major divergence of life the atmosphere was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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