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Exam 7: Social Perception and Cognition

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Question 1

Multiple Choice

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Jake is a waiter at the local diner.He dislikes waiting on teenagers because he believes they are bad tippers.He prefers to spend his time and energy on ensuring that his older (and, he believes, better tipping) customers get great service, often at the expense of his teenaged customers.As a result, the teens that Jake serves tip him poorly.This is an example of _____________.

A) Stereotype threat
B) Fundamental attribution error
C) Self-fulfilling prophecy
D) Focus-of-attention bias

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Question 2

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In terms of attributions for success and failure, effort is _____________and _____________, while ability is _____________ and _____________.

A) Internal; stable; internal; unstable
B) Internal; unstable; internal; stable
C) External; unstable; internal; stable
D) External; stable; internal; unstable

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Question 3

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A fixed mindset - the belief that intelligence and ability are set and unlikely to change - is a useful way to combat learned helplessness.

External locus of control refers to when people feel powerless over their life outcomes.External locus of control is ______________.

Stereotype threat and self-fulfilling prophecies are two distinct processes related to social perception and cognition.Define and give an example for each concept.

Belief preservation is the tendency to take credit for acts that yield positive outcomes, and deflect blame for bad outcomes by attributing them to external causes.

When Lars arrived on campus in the morning the parking lot was covered in snow, making it hard to see the parking spaces.By mid-afternoon, when he left, the snow had melted.Lars noted how cars were parked crookedly, some taking up two or three spaces.He grumbled that people are terrible drivers and need to take a course on how to park their cars.This is an example of _____________.

"Riley is very attractive," thought Alex."I'm sure she's smart and funny, too." Alex's statement is an example of _____________.

In very uncertain situations we often rely on heuristics to help us determine which schemas might be most useful for making sense of the situation.Identify and describe the three heuristics that influence schema selection, and provide an example for one of the three.

People of lower status are more likely than people of higher status to rely on stereotypes.

Anders attributes his poor performance on an exam to bad luck.He is likely to feel shame and study harder for the next exam.

We remember information contradictory to schemas better than schema-irrelevant information.

After graduation Carolyn struggled to find a job.After a particularly bad day filled with rejection letters, Carolyn met up with a friend for coffee.The friend asked Carolyn why she thought she had not yet found a job, and Carolyn stated that it was most certainly due to the poor economy.Carolyn's response may be influenced by _____________.

Because of its relation to our perceptions of another's intent-such as whether they may help or harm us-and its ability to capture traits like friendliness and sincerity, warmth is the primary dimension upon which we base our impressions.

Making sense of all the information we encounter on a daily basis would be nearly impossible without relying on schemas.Identify three ways that schemas help us in our daily lives, and provide an example for each.

Culture can play an important role in the attribution process.For instance, college students who major in the social sciences may adopt a "cultural lens" that leads them to make more situational attributions in comparison to their peers majoring in engineering or business.

A friend is running a half-marathon to raise money for the Special Olympics and sends you a link to donate online.You see that Dan, a common friend who is tight with money, donated $15.You think of yourself as a generous person and donate $40.You used the __________ heuristic.

Marge is unemployed.She attributes her state of unemployment to the challenging job market for recent PhDs.This attribution is _____________.She feels powerless over being able to improve her prospects on the job market.This locus of control is ____________.

Juliana is reviewing applications for a nursing position.She finds that she has a greater positive response to well qualified male nurses than well qualified female nurses, and conversely, a more negative response to poorly qualified male nurses than poorly qualified female nurses.She suspects that this has something to do with the fact that she spends most of her time with other female nurses since her unit has no male nurses.Her response to the male applicants could be due to the _____________effect.

Which of the following is NOT a factor in inferring dispositions from acts?