Question 1

During the course of an intestinal infection with Salmonella enteritidis, the B cells undergo class switching. ________ switching is most likely to occur, which is caused by ________ cytokines.

Accepted Answer

A)   IgD to IgE; B-cell
B)   IgM to IgA; T-cell
C)   IgG to IgM; B-cell
D)   IgA to IgG; T-cell
E)   IgD to IgM; T-cellF) None of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 2

If infections are spread by person-to-person contact, what percentage of the population will be protected against herd immunity if people are not vaccinated?

Accepted Answer

A)   66%
B)   25%
C)   10%
D)   100%
E)   40%F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 3

A surgical patient infected with a blood-borne Staphylococcus would initially produce an anti-staphylococcal antibody of the IgM class. Why is that?

Accepted Answer

This patient would be undergoing a prima...

Question 4

The cells involved in shutting down immune responses that help prevent autoimmunity are

Accepted Answer

A)   B cells.
B)   TH17.
C)   cytokines.
D)   Treg cells.
E)   mast cells.F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 5

A baby will receive ________ class of antibodies from his or her mother before birth through the umbilical cord, and then ________ class of antibodies through the breast milk after birth.

Accepted Answer

A)   IgG; IgA
B)   IgM; IgD
C)   IgG; IgM
D)   IgM; IgA
E)   IgE; IgGF) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterial STD that lives intracellularly within human host cells. What immune response would most likely prevail in this infection?

Accepted Answer

A)   more TH2 cells than TH1 cells
B)   more TH1 cells than TH2 cells
C)   equal ratio of TH1 cells to TH2 cells
D)   more B cells than CD8 cells
E)   mostly antibodiesF) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 7

Which of the following is most likely to elicit the strongest antigen-specific immune response within a human?

Accepted Answer

A)   an outer membrane protein from Plasmodium falciparium
B)   an RNA genome from HIV
C)   a DNA genome from herpes
D)   a capsular polysaccharide coating from Streptococcus mutans
E)   a plasma membrane from Escherichia coliF) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 8

Bacteremia is a condition in which live bacteria enter the bloodstream, but not the cells of the body. Which form of processing would occur to stimulate a cell-mediated immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)   bacterial peptide transported from cytoplasm to rER for presentation on MHC I
B)   endocytosis by APC followed by presentation on MHC II
C)   neutrophil phagocytosis with presentation on Fc receptor
D)   cytotoxic T-cell endocytosis for presentation on CD8 receptor
E)   B-cell capping for presentation on the B-cell receptorF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

Capping of B-cell receptors on the surface of an antigen-exposed B cell immediately causes

Accepted Answer

A)   VDJ gene switching, recombination, and hypermutation.
B)   neutrophil phagocytosis of the antigen.
C)   complement cascade signaling and antigen destruction.
D)   cell-signaling cascade, inducing cell proliferation and differentiation.
E)   helper T-cell proliferation and regulatory T-cell differentiation.F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 10

In 2004, doctors successfully used gene therapy with a severely defective leukemia virus to insert a cytokine receptor gene needed for T-cell development into the bone marrow of four children with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). What is SCID, and how did doing this procedure address the disease?

Accepted Answer

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) ...

Question 11

Some patients suffering from bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS), a rare immunodeficiency, have a genetic mutation in their TAP1/TAP2 genes causing the production of a defective TAP transporter. Describe what effect this has on antigen processing and in what cells.

Accepted Answer

TAP transporters are part of the endogen...

Question 12

Figure B below displays a A.

Accepted Answer

A)   denatured antigen.
B)   antigen-presenting cell.
C)   mast cell.
D)   native antigen.
E)   conformational epitope.F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 13

Why is type AB blood considered to be the "universal recipient"? Explain what this means in terms of the antigens and antibodies present in blood types.

Accepted Answer

Antibodies in the serum of an individual...

Question 14

An example of an antigen that could stimulate naïve B-cell proliferation and differentiation without the help of a T cell would be a(n)  ________ molecule from ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   lipopolysaccharide; Proteus vulgaris
B)   plasmid DNA; Yersinia pestis
C)   protein A; Staphylococcus aureus
D)   anthrax toxin; Bacillus anthracis
E)   porin protein; Escherichia coliF) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

In a radial immunodiffusion assay, immunoprecipitation rings will be created within the agar dish based on

Accepted Answer

A)   equivalence point.
B)   antibody isotype.
C)   antibody allotype.
D)   polyclonal antigen preparation.
E)   Fc binding of antigens.F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 16

The small segment of antigen that is capable of eliciting an immune response is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   hapten.
B)   clonotope.
C)   aggretope.
D)   epitope.
E)   naïve antigen.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 17

RAG1 and RAG2 are enzymes that control gene splicing on B-cell antibody genes. Which order are segments worked on in the creation of the heavy-chain gene segment?

Accepted Answer

A)   VD spliced together, then J, then C
B)   DJ spliced together, then V
C)   VJ spliced together, then D
D)   VC spliced together, then D, then J
E)   VDJ segments are all spliced together simultaneously.F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 18

Detail the benefits and predict possible risks of vaccinations.

Accepted Answer

Benefits of vaccines include lowering th...

Question 19

Using the figure below, interpret what is occurring at stage 3.

Accepted Answer

Epithelial cells, macrophages,...

Question 20

Which of the following could be categorized as an example of humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)   T regulatory cells
B)   T helper cells
C)   antimalaria antibodies
D)   T cytotoxic cells
E)   macrophagesF) D) and E)
G) None of the above

Exam 24: The Adaptive Immune Response

If infections are spread by person-to-person contact, what percentage of the population will be protected against herd immunity if people are not vaccinated?

Correct Answer
verified

Some patients suffering from bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS), a rare immunodeficiency, have a genetic mutation in their TAP1/TAP2 genes causing the production of a defective TAP transporter. Describe what effect this has on antigen processing and in what cells.

Correct Answer
verified
TAP transporters are part of the endogen...
View Answer

Using the figure below, interpret what is occurring at stage 3.

Correct Answer
verified
Epithelial cells, macrophages,...
View Answer

Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterial STD that lives intracellularly within human host cells. What immune response would most likely prevail in this infection?

Correct Answer
verified

A surgical patient infected with a blood-borne Staphylococcus would initially produce an anti-staphylococcal antibody of the IgM class. Why is that?

Correct Answer
verified
This patient would be undergoing a prima...
View Answer

The small segment of antigen that is capable of eliciting an immune response is called a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

Why is type AB blood considered to be the "universal recipient"? Explain what this means in terms of the antigens and antibodies present in blood types.

Correct Answer
verified
Antibodies in the serum of an individual...
View Answer

RAG1 and RAG2 are enzymes that control gene splicing on B-cell antibody genes. Which order are segments worked on in the creation of the heavy-chain gene segment?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is most likely to elicit the strongest antigen-specific immune response within a human?

Correct Answer
verified

In a radial immunodiffusion assay, immunoprecipitation rings will be created within the agar dish based on

Correct Answer
verified

A baby will receive class of antibodies from his or her mother before birth through the umbilical cord, and then class of antibodies through the breast milk after birth.

Correct Answer
verified

Figure B below displays a A.

Correct Answer
verified

Detail the benefits and predict possible risks of vaccinations.

Correct Answer
verified
Benefits of vaccines include lowering th...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) ...
View Answer

Bacteremia is a condition in which live bacteria enter the bloodstream, but not the cells of the body. Which form of processing would occur to stimulate a cell-mediated immune response?

Correct Answer
verified

An example of an antigen that could stimulate naïve B-cell proliferation and differentiation without the help of a T cell would be a(n) molecule from .

Correct Answer
verified

Capping of B-cell receptors on the surface of an antigen-exposed B cell immediately causes

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following could be categorized as an example of humoral immunity?

Correct Answer
verified

The cells involved in shutting down immune responses that help prevent autoimmunity are

Correct Answer
verified

During the course of an intestinal infection with Salmonella enteritidis, the B cells undergo class switching. switching is most likely to occur, which is caused by cytokines.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 24: The Adaptive Immune Response

If infections are spread by person-to-person contact, what percentage of the population will be protected against herd immunity if people are not vaccinated?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some patients suffering from bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS), a rare immunodeficiency, have a genetic mutation in their TAP1/TAP2 genes causing the production of a defective TAP transporter. Describe what effect this has on antigen processing and in what cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedTAP transporters are part of the endogen...View AnswerShow Answer

Using the figure below, interpret what is occurring at stage 3.

Correct AnswerverifiedEpithelial cells, macrophages,...View AnswerShow Answer

Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterial STD that lives intracellularly within human host cells. What immune response would most likely prevail in this infection?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A surgical patient infected with a blood-borne Staphylococcus would initially produce an anti-staphylococcal antibody of the IgM class. Why is that?

Correct AnswerverifiedThis patient would be undergoing a prima...View AnswerShow Answer

The small segment of antigen that is capable of eliciting an immune response is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is type AB blood considered to be the "universal recipient"? Explain what this means in terms of the antigens and antibodies present in blood types.

Correct AnswerverifiedAntibodies in the serum of an individual...View AnswerShow Answer

RAG1 and RAG2 are enzymes that control gene splicing on B-cell antibody genes. Which order are segments worked on in the creation of the heavy-chain gene segment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is most likely to elicit the strongest antigen-specific immune response within a human?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a radial immunodiffusion assay, immunoprecipitation rings will be created within the agar dish based on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A baby will receive ________ class of antibodies from his or her mother before birth through the umbilical cord, and then ________ class of antibodies through the breast milk after birth.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figure B below displays a A.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Detail the benefits and predict possible risks of vaccinations.

Correct AnswerverifiedBenefits of vaccines include lowering th...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedSevere combined immunodeficiency (SCID) ...View AnswerShow Answer

Bacteremia is a condition in which live bacteria enter the bloodstream, but not the cells of the body. Which form of processing would occur to stimulate a cell-mediated immune response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An example of an antigen that could stimulate naïve B-cell proliferation and differentiation without the help of a T cell would be a(n) ________ molecule from ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Capping of B-cell receptors on the surface of an antigen-exposed B cell immediately causes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following could be categorized as an example of humoral immunity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cells involved in shutting down immune responses that help prevent autoimmunity are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During the course of an intestinal infection with Salmonella enteritidis, the B cells undergo class switching. ________ switching is most likely to occur, which is caused by ________ cytokines.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
TAP transporters are part of the endogen...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Epithelial cells, macrophages,...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
This patient would be undergoing a prima...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Antibodies in the serum of an individual...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

A baby will receive class of antibodies from his or her mother before birth through the umbilical cord, and then class of antibodies through the breast milk after birth.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Benefits of vaccines include lowering th...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

An example of an antigen that could stimulate naïve B-cell proliferation and differentiation without the help of a T cell would be a(n) molecule from .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

During the course of an intestinal infection with Salmonella enteritidis, the B cells undergo class switching. switching is most likely to occur, which is caused by cytokines.

Correct Answer
verified