Question 1

One of the most controversial aspects of Darwin's work was

Accepted Answer

A)  his belief in the inheritance of acquired characteristics.
B)  that it was not based on careful observations.
C)  that it allowed for no religious belief.
D)  the principle of the continuity of life.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Phrenology was a method of determining mental abilities and traits by

Accepted Answer

A)  examining facial characteristics, such as the shape of the nose.
B)  examining body types.
C)  having subjects fill out questionnaires.
D)  reading the bumps on one's skull.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Gall referred to the brain as

Accepted Answer

A)  the main center of life.
B)  the organ of the mind.
C)  the connection between human life and God.
D)  the executive function.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C) B

Question 4

The law of conservation of energy asserts that

Accepted Answer

A)  organisms constantly store, or conserve, a certain amount of energy as a "backup."
B)  energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.
C)  energy has the ability to be created, destroyed, or transformed.
D)  humans differ from other organisms in the physiological process of energy conservation.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Flourens sought to empirically demonstrate that there was no division of cerebral functioning.To do so, he

Accepted Answer

A)  ran hundreds of experiments using pigeons and, when the results were inconclusive, claimed they were proof against localization.
B)  ablated the brains of animals and observed their recovery.
C)  had both left- and right-handed individuals complete a battery of identical tests and compared the findings.
D)  cut the tissue connecting the two sides of the brain and observed behavior.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B) B

Question 6

Gall's original term for what became phrenology was

Accepted Answer

A)  organology.
B)  bumpology.
C)  cranioscopy.
D)  neurology.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Ferrier's book titled The Functions of the Brain was dedicated to Gall for what reason?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gall had predicted, 50 years earlier, that someone would validate this work on brain localization.
B)  Gall was Ferrier's mentor, and his encouragement had allowed Ferrier to produce such successful research.
C)  Gall was conducting similar research at the same time as Ferrier, and the two were in fierce competition to produce the best research.
D)  Ferrier's book was not dedicated to Gall.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Mind-body dualism refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  John Locke's description of the inability of the mind and body to fully function without each other.
B)  Descartes's belief that the soul is entirely distinct from the body.
C)  The philosophy that the mind and the body work together to form a cohesive, well-functioning entity.
D)  Franz Joseph Gall's argument that the mind and body are inseparable entities and should be empirically studied as one.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 9

George Romanes's writing about animals was considered highly

Accepted Answer

A)  technical.
B)  anthropomorphized.
C)  unsentimental.
D)  empirical.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

The term coined by Mueller to describe that each type of sensory nerve is specific to a particular sensory modality, such as vision or hearing, is

Accepted Answer

A)  the doctrine of specific nerve energies.
B)  the specification of nerve impulses.
C)  the law of specific nerve energies.
D)  the doctrine of independent nerve impulses.
E)  none of the aboveF) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 11

Descartes understood the functions of the mechanics of the body through automata, which are

Accepted Answer

A)  self-moving mechanical objects.
B)  automatic and unconscious bodily responses.
C)  replicas of human bodies with moving functions and removable parts.
D)  mechanical replicas of the human mind.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Previous research on cerebral localization by Gustav Fritsch and Eduard Hitzig had found five areas of motor control, while research by David Ferrier in the same area found the following number:

Accepted Answer

A)  15
B)  32
C)  7
D)  20E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 13

In the 17th century, Descartes used the technology of automata to explain how the human body functions; a century later, philosophers and scientists referred to the function of ____ to explain how organisms engaged in self-regulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  steam engines
B)  automobiles
C)  ocean liners
D)  aircraftE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Flourens's use of the experimental method had several outcomes.Most notably, it allowed for

Accepted Answer

A)  the use of animals as an acceptable way to produce research.
B)  the surgical method to be considered a valid technique for the psychological sciences.
C)  an increased acceptance and respect given by the medical community.
D)  investigations to be considered valid as long as they were experimental and based in a laboratory.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Which of the following psychologists is associated with the development of a color vision theory that best accounted for both the physical processes and the psychological experience?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hermann von Helmholtz
B)  Emil du Bois-Reymond
C)  Christine Ladd-Franklin
D)  Johannes MuellerE) C) and D)
F) A) and B) C

Question 16

Although René Descartes was a philosopher, his philosophy was important for the development of psychology.His philosophy concerning the origin of knowledge stated

Accepted Answer

A)  that there is no knowledge without truth.
B)  that one can only believe those things that have no possibility of doubt.
C)  that knowledge is discovered through sense experience.
D)  that humans are born blank slates.
E)  none of the aboveF) B) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 17

A major philosophical debate in the 19th century was focused on the relationship between the brain and the mind.The philosopher and theory that were primarily associated with fueling this debate were

Accepted Answer

A)  Descartes and his theory that all mental processing and functions of the body could be understood through naturalistic terms and there was no need to explain brain functions through divine influence.
B)  Locke and his philosophy that all knowledge is gained directly through sense experience.
C)  Locke and his philosophy that knowledge is innate.
D)  Descartes and his theory that higher mental powers such as rationality were the result of divine influence while lower mental processing and functions of the body could be understood in naturalistic or mechanical terms.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

One of Charles Darwin's major contributions to the field of psychology was

Accepted Answer

A)  his research surrounding the measurement of nerve impulses in organisms.
B)  his use of the theory of evolution to explain the differences among races.
C)  his approach of studying man through the study of animals, a branch of psychology that later became known as comparative psychology.
D)  his development of eugenics.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Locke's model of knowledge, called associationism, involves

Accepted Answer

A)  the formation of complex ideas from combinations of simpler ideas.
B)  the understanding of ideas through an examination of the process from which the ideas originated.
C)  the conceptualization of mental processes through the mechanics of the body.
D)  the concept of tabula rasa.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Darwin's uniformitarian hypothesis states that

Accepted Answer

A)  the physical geography of the earth has gradually changed over a long period.
B)  changes to the earth's geographical state were an act of a divine force.
C)  all organisms within a specific geographical area, such as the Galapagos Islands, demonstrated traits from a common lineage.
D)  the earth is much younger than previously suggested.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Exam 2: Origins of a Science of Mind

One of the most controversial aspects of Darwin's work was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Phrenology was a method of determining mental abilities and traits by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gall referred to the brain as

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The law of conservation of energy asserts that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Flourens sought to empirically demonstrate that there was no division of cerebral functioning.To do so, he

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Gall's original term for what became phrenology was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ferrier's book titled The Functions of the Brain was dedicated to Gall for what reason?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mind-body dualism refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

George Romanes's writing about animals was considered highly

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term coined by Mueller to describe that each type of sensory nerve is specific to a particular sensory modality, such as vision or hearing, is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Descartes understood the functions of the mechanics of the body through automata, which are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Previous research on cerebral localization by Gustav Fritsch and Eduard Hitzig had found five areas of motor control, while research by David Ferrier in the same area found the following number:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the 17th century, Descartes used the technology of automata to explain how the human body functions; a century later, philosophers and scientists referred to the function of ____ to explain how organisms engaged in self-regulation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Flourens's use of the experimental method had several outcomes.Most notably, it allowed for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following psychologists is associated with the development of a color vision theory that best accounted for both the physical processes and the psychological experience?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Although René Descartes was a philosopher, his philosophy was important for the development of psychology.His philosophy concerning the origin of knowledge stated

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major philosophical debate in the 19th century was focused on the relationship between the brain and the mind.The philosopher and theory that were primarily associated with fueling this debate were

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of Charles Darwin's major contributions to the field of psychology was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Locke's model of knowledge, called associationism, involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Darwin's uniformitarian hypothesis states that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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B

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B

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C

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