Question 1

Glucose is a 6-carbon molecule. How is it changed as it moves through glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Electrons and hydrogen are removed, and the molecule is rearranged to form two 3-carbon molecules.
B)   ATP is added, and the molecule is rearranged to form three 2-carbon molecules.
C)   Electrons and hydrogen are removed, and the molecule is rearranged to form three 2-carbon molecules.
D)   Electrons and hydrogen are removed, and the molecule is rearranged to form three ATP molecules.
E)   ATP is added, and the molecule is rearranged to form two 3-carbon molecules.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 2

You have decided to try to make your own wine by adding yeast to a sweet grape juice. After allowing plenty of time for the yeast to grow, you find that although the sugar levels in the juice are decreased, there is no alcohol in the mixture. What could have been the reason fermentation did not occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   More sugar needs to be added. Yeast need a lot of energy before it produces alcohol.
B)   Less sugar is needed in the juice. High sugar concentration causes cellular respiration to occur rather than fermentation.
C)   Yeast cannot ferment grapes, only bacteria can.
D)   The mixture needs less oxygen. Yeast only produces alcohol in the absence of oxygen.
E)   The mixture needs more carbon dioxide. Yeast produce alcohol more quickly in the presence of CO 2.F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 3

Yeast is used to make bread rise by producing ________ during fermentation.

Accepted Answer

A)   lactic acid
B)   heat
C)   O 2 gas
D)   glucose
E)   CO 2 gasF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

Where in the cell are both NAD+ and FAD reduced to form NADH and FADH2?

Accepted Answer

A)   Outer mitochondrial membrane
B)   Cristae
C)   Mitochondrial matrix
D)   Intermembrane space
E)   ThylakoidsF) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 5

In animals, lactate forms from fermentation. Lactate __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   can be used to produce additional ATP
B)   is toxic and causes muscle fatigue
C)   is stored in the muscle for future energy use
D)   is converted into carbon dioxide and is released in the bloodstream
E)   is transported to the liver where it is reconverted to pyruvateF) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 6

Which process is used to make bread rise?

Accepted Answer

A)   Lactic acid fermentation
B)   Glycolysis
C)   Alcohol fermentation
D)   The citric acid cycle
E)   Cellular respirationF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 7

The enzyme that converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA requires vitamin B 1, also called thiamine. Vitamin B 1 has to be obtained through the diet. At what phase would cellular respiration come to a halt without B 1?

Accepted Answer

A)   Glycolysis
B)   Preparatory reaction
C)   Citric acid cycle
D)   Electron transport chain
E)   Carbon fixationF) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 8

The product of the preparatory reaction is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   pyruvate
B)   acetyl-CoA
C)   glucose
D)   water
E)   carbon dioxideF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 9

A new organism is discovered to have an enzyme that requires no ATP to split glucose into pyruvate. In addition, the enzyme cannot function if oxygen is present. Based on this information, what is this organism's net production of ATP from one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)   2
B)   4
C)   38
D)   40
E)   42F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 10

Why is it necessary for ATP to be used in the energy-investment phase of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Adding the phosphate activates the glucose, making it easier to break it apart.
B)   Adding the phosphate to the glucose makes it more stable and less likely to break apart.
C)   There is no purpose to adding the phosphate to the glucose; it just happens that way.
D)   The addition of the phosphate is necessary to produce NADH.
E)   The energy that is released when ATP becomes ADP is harnessed and used to pump hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial membrane.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 11

How many total ATP are produced during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)   4
B)   2
C)   38
D)   36
E)   14F) None of the above
G) All of the above

Question 12

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cytoplasm
B)   Mitochondrion
C)   Matrix of mitochondrion
D)   Cristae of mitochondrion
E)   NucleusF) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 13

During cellular respiration, the energy in glucose is ultimately converted to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   ADP and heat
B)   ATP and heat
C)   heat only
D)   ATP and NADH
E)   CO 2 and waterF) D) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 14

As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of ________ ATP.

Accepted Answer

A)   0
B)   2
C)   4
D)   36
E)   12F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 15

The functioning of an electron transport chain is analogous to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   playing tennis
B)   a rock falling from a cliff
C)   a person jumping from the top to the bottom of a flight of stairs in one jump
D)   a person descending a flight of stairs one step at a time
E)   a person jumping ropeF) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 16

A family took their newborn to the doctor. They were worried something was wrong because the baby seemed to be in constant pain. After medical tests revealed the baby had large amounts of lactic acid accumulating in his muscle cells, doctors diagnosed the child with a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from skeletal muscle cells. How might the lack of mitochondria explain the large amounts of lactic acid in the baby's muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   Without mitochondria, the muscle cells are going through fermentation to produce energy. This leads to an accumulation of lactic acid.
B)   Without mitochondria, the muscle cells use fats and proteins rather than carbohydrates to generate energy. The breakdown products from the fat and proteins leads to an accumulation of lactic acid.
C)   Because of the lack of mitochondria, the muscle cells require extremely high levels of oxygen to function. This additional oxygen requires lactic acid to produce energy.
D)   Without the mitochondria, the muscle cells cannot split glucose into pyruvate. As the glucose accumulates in the cell it is converted into lactic acid.
E)   In the absence of mitochondria, the muscle cells spend too much in the citric acid cycle. This results in a buildup of NADH and FADH 2, which break down into lactic acid if they are unable to proceed to the electron transport chain.F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 17

During hibernation the rate of cellular respiration in a mammal is typically less than half the rate measured when the mammal is not hibernating. This slowed cellular respiration is probably accompanied by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Reduced body temperature only
B)   Reduced pulse rate and reduced body temperature
C)   Reduced pulse rate and increased body temperature
D)   Increased body temperature only
E)   Increased pulse rate onlyF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 18

Which of the following reactions builds sugars rather than breaks them down?

Accepted Answer

A)   Calvin cycle
B)   Glycolysis
C)   Citric acid cycle
D)   Electron transport chain
E)   Preparatory reactionF) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 19

By-products of cellular respiration include __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   FADH 2 and NADH
B)   NADH and ATP
C)   oxygen and heat
D)   carbon dioxide and water
E)   carbon dioxide and oxygenF) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 20

The processes of glycolysis that break down glucose to pyruvateduring the energy-investment phaseinvolve the removal of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   electrons and hydrogen from glucose, and the addition of phosphate to ADP
B)   phosphate from glucose, and the addition of that phosphate to ATP
C)   NAD from glucose, and the addition of phosphate to ADP
D)   NAD from ATP, and the addition of phosphate to ADP
E)   electrons from ATP, and the addition of phosphate to glucoseF) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Exam 7: Energy for Cells

The functioning of an electron transport chain is analogous to __________.

Correct Answer
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The processes of glycolysis that break down glucose to pyruvateduring the energy-investment phaseinvolve the removal of __________.

Correct Answer
verified

The enzyme that converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA requires vitamin B ₁, also called thiamine. Vitamin B ₁ has to be obtained through the diet. At what phase would cellular respiration come to a halt without B ₁?

Correct Answer
verified

During cellular respiration, the energy in glucose is ultimately converted to __________.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Yeast is used to make bread rise by producing ________ during fermentation.

Correct Answer
verified

Which process is used to make bread rise?

Correct Answer
verified

Why is it necessary for ATP to be used in the energy-investment phase of glycolysis?

Correct Answer
verified

A new organism is discovered to have an enzyme that requires no ATP to split glucose into pyruvate. In addition, the enzyme cannot function if oxygen is present. Based on this information, what is this organism's net production of ATP from one molecule of glucose?

Correct Answer
verified

By-products of cellular respiration include __________.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following reactions builds sugars rather than breaks them down?

Correct Answer
verified

Glucose is a 6-carbon molecule. How is it changed as it moves through glycolysis?

Correct Answer
verified

Where in the cell are both NAD+ and FAD reduced to form NADH and FADH₂?

Correct Answer
verified

The product of the preparatory reaction is __________.

Correct Answer
verified

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

Correct Answer
verified

As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of ________ ATP.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

During hibernation the rate of cellular respiration in a mammal is typically less than half the rate measured when the mammal is not hibernating. This slowed cellular respiration is probably accompanied by which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

In animals, lactate forms from fermentation. Lactate __________.

Correct Answer
verified

How many total ATP are produced during glycolysis?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 7: Energy for Cells

The functioning of an electron transport chain is analogous to __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The processes of glycolysis that break down glucose to pyruvateduring the energy-investment phaseinvolve the removal of __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The enzyme that converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA requires vitamin B 1, also called thiamine. Vitamin B 1 has to be obtained through the diet. At what phase would cellular respiration come to a halt without B 1?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During cellular respiration, the energy in glucose is ultimately converted to __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Yeast is used to make bread rise by producing ________ during fermentation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which process is used to make bread rise?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is it necessary for ATP to be used in the energy-investment phase of glycolysis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A new organism is discovered to have an enzyme that requires no ATP to split glucose into pyruvate. In addition, the enzyme cannot function if oxygen is present. Based on this information, what is this organism's net production of ATP from one molecule of glucose?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By-products of cellular respiration include __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following reactions builds sugars rather than breaks them down?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glucose is a 6-carbon molecule. How is it changed as it moves through glycolysis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where in the cell are both NAD+ and FAD reduced to form NADH and FADH2?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The product of the preparatory reaction is __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As a result of glycolysis, there is a net gain of ________ ATP.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During hibernation the rate of cellular respiration in a mammal is typically less than half the rate measured when the mammal is not hibernating. This slowed cellular respiration is probably accompanied by which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In animals, lactate forms from fermentation. Lactate __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How many total ATP are produced during glycolysis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The enzyme that converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA requires vitamin B ₁, also called thiamine. Vitamin B ₁ has to be obtained through the diet. At what phase would cellular respiration come to a halt without B ₁?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Where in the cell are both NAD+ and FAD reduced to form NADH and FADH₂?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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