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Exam 3: Energy and Enzymes

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Question 21

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following best describes an ocean as an open system?

A) It does not exchange matter with its surroundings.
B) It absorbs but not releases energy.
C) It absorbs and releases energy.
D) It exchanges energy but not matter with its surroundings.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Question 22

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When ATP is split into ADP and P_i, what happens to the energy that gets released?

A) The energy is transferred to the target molecule via the transfer of P_i.
B) The energy is directly transferred to the target molecule by an unknown mechanism.
C) The two remaining phosphates acquire the energy that was present in the linkage of three phosphates.
D) The energy dissipates in the form of heat.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Question 23

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For each situation, choose the most appropriate term. -digestion of a candy bar A)endergonic B)exergonic C)equilibrium

Activation energy is not required for nonspontaneous reactions.

Enzymes work with at least three mechanisms. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which enzymes function?

Explain how a cell can use catabolic reactions to drive anabolic reactions, despite energy loss in the form of entropy and heat.

Which of the following is an exergonic reaction?

For each situation, choose the most appropriate term. -the rate of synthesis equals the rate of degradation A)endergonic B)exergonic C)equilibrium

For each situation, choose the most appropriate term. -folding laundry A)endergonic B)exergonic C)equilibrium

Match each definition with the corresponding term. -allosteric regulation A)primary coupling agent in cellular reactions B)addition of a phosphate group to a target molecule C)product of the reaction interacts with an enzyme in a noncompetitive way to inhibit or enhance enzyme activity D)linking of an exergonic reaction with an endergonic reaction that allows a cell to drive a nonspontaneous reaction to completion E)series of chemical reactions where the products of one reaction are the reactants for a subsequent reaction F)substance that facilitates a chemical reaction without itself being consumed by the reaction G)energy needed to start a reaction, be it endergonic or exergonic H)portion of the enzyme that binds to a reactant or reactants I)state in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction J)intermediate arrangement of unstable bonds between atoms that can proceed toward either the reactants or the products of a reaction K)reactant molecule that binds to an enzyme

Match each definition with the corresponding term. -catalyst A)primary coupling agent in cellular reactions B)addition of a phosphate group to a target molecule C)product of the reaction interacts with an enzyme in a noncompetitive way to inhibit or enhance enzyme activity D)linking of an exergonic reaction with an endergonic reaction that allows a cell to drive a nonspontaneous reaction to completion E)series of chemical reactions where the products of one reaction are the reactants for a subsequent reaction F)substance that facilitates a chemical reaction without itself being consumed by the reaction G)energy needed to start a reaction, be it endergonic or exergonic H)portion of the enzyme that binds to a reactant or reactants I)state in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction J)intermediate arrangement of unstable bonds between atoms that can proceed toward either the reactants or the products of a reaction K)reactant molecule that binds to an enzyme

What does it mean that cells are open systems?

Figure 3-5 -According to the graph in Figure 3-5, what is the optimal pH for enzyme 2?

Reactions that reach an equilibrium point are reversible.

For each situation, choose the most appropriate term. -a reaction where ΔG = 0 A)endergonic B)exergonic C)equilibrium

For each situation, choose the most appropriate term. -a beaker of water sitting on a bench A)endergonic B)exergonic C)equilibrium

At equilibrium, the concentration of the reactants equals the concentration of the products.

Figure 3-2 -Which sentence best describes the process of competitive inhibition? Refer to Figure 3-2.

Which of the following is Earth an example of?

For each situation, choose the most appropriate term. -protein synthesis A)endergonic B)exergonic C)equilibrium