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__________ ties reprimands to the severity and frequency of the employee's infractions.


A) Positive punishment
B) Punishment by objectives
C) Regressive discipline
D) Incremental discipline
E) Progressive discipline

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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__________ is a planning technique which is also useful in control as it is a means of identifying best practices


A) Benchmarking
B) Management by exception
C) Progressive management control
D) Feedback control
E) Critical incident management

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Meg is a project manager. She has a very complex assignment that requires tight control and planning. She uses a project management tool that breaks her project into a series of small, sub-activities that have clear beginning and end points. The result of this activity is a diagram showing the various interrelationships necessary to complete the project. Meg is using what tool?


A) CRM
B) A Gantt chart
C) After-action review
D) Break-even analysis
E) CPM/PERT

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Financial ratios provide all of the following EXCEPT:


A) a calculation of the breakeven quantity.
B) a means to track financial goals.
C) a framework for external benchmarking.
D) a means to set financial targets.
E) a framework for historical comparisons.

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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Ordering a fixed number of items every time an inventory level falls to a predetermined point is called:


A) fixed quantity inventory.
B) break-even quantity.
C) quality control.
D) economic order quantity.
E) inventory control.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Shift supervisors working alongside employees, constantly observing and intervening with immediate corrective action when something is not done properly, is an example of __________ control.


A) concurrent
B) feedforward
C) feedback
D) preliminary
E) unnecessary

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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A feedforward control system focuses on:


A) work objectives.
B) work throughputs.
C) work outputs.
D) work responsibilities.
E) work inputs.

F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

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A cost report showing budget overruns on a project completed during the prior month is an example of which type of control?


A) Preliminary control
B) Cost control
C) Managerial control
D) Steering control
E) Feedback control

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The four steps of the control process are: establish objectives and standards; __________; compare results with objectives and standards, and __________.


A) measure actual performance; continue as before
B) set new objectives; evaluate results
C) develop alternative systems; take corrective action as needed
D) revise unmet objectives; pay for the losses
E) measure actual performance; take corrective action as needed

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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In using a historical approach for comparing desired and actual performance, a manager will:


A) use past performance as a benchmark.
B) use present performance to set the standard.
C) use standards set scientifically through such methods as time and motion studies.
D) use the organisation's objectives to set the standard.
E) use performance achievements of other people, work units or organisations to set the standard.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Suppose that, in reviewing a quarterly report of a department's achievements, the manager compared desired performance with actual performance. If the manager found no deviation (that is, actual performance was EQUAL to the standard) , the manager should:


A) take no corrective action.
B) take corrective action.
C) take action to understand why.
D) keep the information to himself or herself.
E) defer action until the next quarter's reports are in and a trend is established.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Briefly describe the progressive discipline system.

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Discipline is the act of influencing beh...

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The following are some typical activities of a project that a Gantt chart would display, with the exception of:


A) completion date for employee reward system.
B) completion date for engineering design.
C) completion date for projected budgets.
D) completion date for research and development work.
E) completion date for prototype testing.

F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

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Controlling does all of the following EXCEPT:


A) secure adequate financing for the enterprise.
B) ensure that objectives and accomplishments of various subgroups of the organisation are consistent with each other.
C) make sure that overall direction is consistent with plans.
D) make sure organisation members act with propriety and respect for each other.
E) make sure employees comply with organisational policies.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Effective planning by managers helps accomplish which step in the control process?


A) Comparing actual performance with objectives and standards
B) Measuring actual performance
C) Evaluating the results of corrective action
D) Taking necessary corrective action
E) Establishing performance objectives and standards

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Statistical quality control is supported by:


A) determine the acceptability of results.
B) taking samples of work.
C) measuring quality in the samples.
D) None of the options listed
E) All of the options listed

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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A management exception known as the __________ occurs when actual performance is below standard.


A) expected end result
B) original assumption
C) intended course of action
D) problem situation
E) opportunity situation

F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

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The ability to earn revenues greater than costs describes:


A) leverage ratios.
B) times interest earned ratio.
C) asset management ratio.
D) profitability ratios.
E) quick ratio.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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In the control process, _________ must be accurate enough to identify significant difference between what is really taking place and what was originally planned.


A) exceptions
B) measurement
C) output standards
D) goals
E) input standards

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following is NOT part of the traditional logic behind pay-for-performance in an incentive compensation program?


A) Pay very poorly for poor performance
B) Pay obscenely well for outstanding performance
C) Pay well for above-average performance
D) Pay poorly for average performance
E) Pay satisfactorily for average performance

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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