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Mabel likes to hit other children for no other purpose than to see them get hurt and feel scared. What term best describes Mabel's behavior? ​


A) Hostile aggression
B) Instrumental aggression
C) Relational aggression
D) Counterimitation

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Which six-year-old is most likely to be distressed by the fact that she has a new baby brother? ​


A) Annabella, whose parents pay less attention to her
B) Noni, who has two older sisters
C) Monique, who has one older brother
D) Patsy, whose dad has become more involved in parenting

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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There is a group in town made up of girls who like golf. The leader of the group is most likely to be ​


A) Annika, who is the best golfer in the group.
B) Michelle, who has the most outgoing personality.
C) Sela, who is the wealthiest person in the group.
D) Grace, who is the best student in the group.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Angelica is well liked by most of her classmates. She would be best described as


A) ​average.
B) ​neglected.
C) ​controversial.
D) ​popular.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Laura is 14 years old, and is extremely upset about the fact that someone made fun of her in class. Laura is most likely to seek support from ​


A) her teacher
B) her close friends.
C) her mother.
D) her father.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Does watching TV violence really affect the behavior of children? ​


A) No, it has no effect on overt violent behavior.
B) Not really. It may make them a little scared for a while but has no long-term effects.
C) It might if the children are ADHD before they watch the violence.
D) Yes, it tends to be associated with more aggressive behavior.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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A(n)_______________ consists of several similar cliques.

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Which parenting style tends to be most common for American parents of lower socioeconomic status? ​


A) Permissive
B) Authoritative
C) Authoritarian
D) Uninvolved

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Parental conflict ​


A) usually has no negative effects on children.
B) can make a child feel that the family is unstable.
C) often has positive effects on a child's development.
D) is not a normal part of most marriages.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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What type of child is disliked by the majority of their peers? ​


A) Rejected
B) Controversial
C) Neglected
D) Average

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Which parenting style might best be described as "low warmth and high control?" ​


A) Authoritarian
B) Permissive
C) Uninvolved
D) Authoritative

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Why did the harmful impacts of divorce appear to have increased in the 1990s?


A) Divorce was so uncommon that children of divorce were seen as very different.
B) Divorce settlements were more "vicious" than they were in the past.
C) Joint versus single custody had become more of the norm.
D) The gap between single- and two-parent family incomes was widening.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The ____ parenting style is best described as both controlling and warm.


A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) permissive
D) uninvolved

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Which is true of only children relative to children with siblings?


A) They are more likely to be "spoiled brats."
B) They are more selfish.
C) They are more egotistical.
D) They are smarter and more mature.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Once the youngest sibling gets to be about ____, he or she will start talking more to older siblings than to mom. ​


A) 6 months old
B) 1 year old
C) 2 years old
D) 4 years old

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Children who watch a lot of television have shorter attention spans than children who do not watch television.

A) True
B) False

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_____ occurs when a parent tells a child what to do, when to do it, and why it should be done. ​


A) Counterimitation
B) Punishment
C) Infant-directed language
D) Direct instruction

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Use your own school experiences to provide examples of school-based cliques and crowds and the concept of dominance hierarchy. If you cannot think of a specific instance, make one up. ​

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A clique is a small group of friends who...

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Eric's classmates don't particularly hate him; they just never pay any attention to him. Eric would probably be best described as ​


A) controversial.
B) rejected.
C) neglected.
D) average.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Julie watches her sister swing her pet cat by the tail and sees her gets punished by her parents for that behavior. Consequently, Julie learns not to swing her pet cat by the tail. Which term best describes this scenario? ​


A) A negative reinforcement trap
B) Counterimitation
C) Indulgent parenting
D) Direct instruction

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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