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Culture often feels stable and natural because it is deeply ingrained in our daily lives and identity from a very young age. Here are several reasons why this perception persists:
1. Early Socialization: Individuals are born into a cultural context and from the earliest moments of life, they are socialized into the norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors of their culture. This process is so pervasive and continuous that cultural practices are internalized, making them seem like a natural part of who we are.
2. Tradition and Continuity: Cultures are built on traditions that are passed down from generation to generation. This sense of historical continuity contributes to the feeling of stability. Traditions provide a link to the past, creating a narrative of cultural persistence that reinforces the idea that culture is an unchanging, natural aspect of human society.
3. Shared Experience: Culture is a collective phenomenon. It is shared by members of a community or society, creating a sense of belonging and identity. When everyone around us is engaging in the same practices and upholding the same norms, it reinforces the idea that these cultural elements are the natural way of life.
4. Institutional Reinforcement: Cultural norms and values are often embedded in and reinforced by social institutions such as education, religion, law, and media. These institutions play a significant role in perpetuating cultural norms, making them seem fixed and natural.
5. Resistance to Change: While cultures are constantly evolving, there is often resistance to change, especially when it comes to deeply held beliefs and values. This resistance can make culture appear more static and unchanging than it actually is.
6. Human Need for Stability: Humans have a psychological need for predictability and stability in their lives. Culture provides a framework for understanding the world and our place in it. This framework helps to reduce uncertainty and provides a sense of security, which can make cultural practices feel natural and unassailable.
7. Cognitive Schemas: Our brains are wired to recognize patterns and create cognitive schemas—mental frameworks that help us organize and interpret information. Once cultural patterns are learned, they become part of these schemas, making them seem like the natural order of things.
In reality, culture is an artificial construct in the sense that it is created and maintained by humans. It is not a biological imperative but a social one. However, because of its deep-rooted presence in our lives and the psychological and social mechanisms that reinforce it, culture can feel stable and natural, even though it is subject to change and reinterpretation over time.
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The culture concept can be used to analy...View Answer
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A) all societies pass through stages from primitive to complex
B) individual societies develop particular cultural traits and undergo a unique process of change
C) cultural differences are the result of different evolutionary stages
D) the material world shapes people's customs and beliefs
F) B) and C)
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B
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A) developing theories to explain human action
B) studying a culture's customs
C) defending whatever another culture does
D) seeing matters from the point of view of another culture
F) None of the above
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A) E. B. Tylor
B) L .H. Morgan
C) Mary Douglas
D) Franz Boas
F) B) and C)
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A) ceremonialized aspects of a society
B) everyday interactions
C) the symbolic use of the body
D) the principles and values people hold dear
F) None of the above
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A) learned and shared
B) easily defined
C) static and unchanging
D) a product of individual psychology
F) A) and D)
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A) were there to support her work
B) challenged her right, as a foreign anthropologist, to study the Maya culture
C) collaborated with Warren
D) co-published the paper
F) A) and C)
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A) by its individual parts
B) through systematic connections of different parts
C) as a system of binary oppositions
D) all of the above
F) A) and C)
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B
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A) culture doesn't change
B) people learn them as they grow older
C) people learn them when they are young
D) they are the same in every culture
F) A) and D)
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A focus on values can help us understand...View Answer
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A) learning happens best when students are being talked at
B) this way of teaching organizes people to promote shared cultural goals
C) this mode of teaching evolved over time
D) the teacher is the symbolic head of the class
F) A) and C)
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A) their criticism is unjustified primarily because cultural appropriation is as old as humanity itself
B) cultural appropriation is a positive process of change for any society
C) it is important to understand Native American claims from their point of view though it doesn't necessarily mean we should accept them as the only way to view the issue
D) it is inherent in their culture to criticize dominant settler society
F) All of the above
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B) False
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A) the artificiality of taste
B) the cultural constructions of insects as food
C) that eating insects can be adaptive
D) all of the above
F) A) and C)
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A) the interconnections between different domains of a society
B) the processes of cultural appropriation
C) the relativity of culture
D) the creation of cultural constructions
F) B) and D)
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