Filters
Question type
Study Flashcards

A primary study evaluated the effectiveness of a therapy designed to treat graduate students suffering from clown phobia. On the dependent measure of attraction toward clowns, the mean score for the treatment group is 5, whereas the mean score for the control group is 4. The pooled standard deviation is 2. Cohen's d is:


A) 5
B) 4
C) 2
D) 0.5

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

verifed

verified

In this type of search procedure to obtain primary studies for a research synthesis, an important early and relevant primary study is identified and used as the starting port for all chronologically later studies that have cited it:


A) ascendancy searching
B) descendancy searching
C) systematic searching
D) relevancy searching

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

verifed

verified

Which of the following statements is NOT true of fixed-effects meta-analysis models?


A) studies with larger sample sizes are weighted heavier because they are thought to reflect closer approximation to the "true score"
B) fixed-effects models can be generalized to studies that are not included in the meta-analysis
C) the distribution of effect sizes is thought to be homogeneous
D) differences in individual effect sizes are thought to reflect measurement error

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

verifed

verified

What is the "file-drawer problem" and how can it influence the results of a meta-analysis?

Correct Answer

Answered by ExamLex AI

Answered by ExamLex AI

The "file-drawer problem" refers to the ...

View Answer

The following tends to be true of published vs unpublished studies:


A) published studies and unpublished studies tend to show the same effect sizes
B) published studies tend to show larger effect sizes than unpublished studies
C) published studies tend to show smaller effect sizes than unpublished studies
D) published studies tend to show larger effect sizes if conducted by students

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

verifed

verified

Describe the difference between fixed-effect models and random-effects models.

Correct Answer

Answered by ExamLex AI

Answered by ExamLex AI

Fixed-effect models and random-effects m...

View Answer

If two variables each contain dichotomous response options, the following correlation should be used to examine the strength of their relationship:


A) Pearson correlation
B) point-biserial corelation
C) Fisher's r
D) Phi

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

verifed

verified

How might vote counting be impacted by the file drawer problem? Specifically, (a) describe what vote counting and the file drawer problem refer to, then (b) explain how and why the file drawer problem would or would not pose an issue for the results of a "vote counting."

Correct Answer

Answered by ExamLex AI

Answered by ExamLex AI

(a) Vote counting refers to the process ...

View Answer

In terms of inclusion and exclusion criteria for primary studies to be included in a meta-analysis, the textbook recommends:


A) exclude studies that are methodologically poor, as these effects will contaminate the summary effect
B) exclude studies that are methodologically poor, and switch to vote counting
C) include studies that are methodologically poor, but perform study-level moderation analysis of rigorously vs. poorly designed studies
D) include studies that are methodologically poor, but perform study-level mediation analysis of rigorously vs. poorly designed studies

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

verifed

verified

Which of the following statistics would be considered an effect size for use in meta-analyses?


A) an odds-ratio
B) the p-value for a study
C) the standardized mean difference between two experimental groups
D) A and B
E) A and C
F) all of the above

G) E) and F)
H) C) and E)

Correct Answer

verifed

verified

Which of the following limitations with narrative literature reviews are meta-analyses intended to address or avoid?


A) often, narrative reviews do not provide a comprehensive knowledge base of relevant literature
B) there are not clearly defined criteria for what studies are included or excluded from a narrative review
C) narrative reviews do not take into account differences in methodologies or theoretical approaches to the same hypothesis or research question
D) A and B
E) B and C
F) all of the above

G) D) and F)
H) E) and F)

Correct Answer

verifed

verified

Crano, Brewer, and Lac suggest that random-effects models are preferable for most meta-analyses. Provide three reasons for why this is so. In other words, describe three advantages of random-effects models over other meta-analysis models, benefits of random-effects models in general, or any combination of advantages.

Correct Answer

Answered by ExamLex AI

Answered by ExamLex AI

1. Incorporating heterogeneity: Random-e...

View Answer

Describe the steps in conducting a meta-analysis. What requirements need to be met?

Correct Answer

Answered by ExamLex AI

Answered by ExamLex AI

Meta-analysis is a statistical technique used to combine and analyze the results from multiple independent studies on a specific topic. The steps in conducting a meta-analysis include: 1. Formulating a research question: The first step in conducting a meta-analysis is to clearly define the research question or topic of interest. This will guide the search for relevant studies and the selection of appropriate statistical methods. 2. Literature search: A comprehensive search of the literature is conducted to identify all relevant studies on the topic. This may involve searching electronic databases, contacting experts in the field, and reviewing reference lists of relevant articles. 3. Study selection: After identifying potential studies, a systematic process is used to select the studies that meet the inclusion criteria. These criteria may include factors such as study design, sample size, and outcome measures. 4. Data extraction: Data from the selected studies are extracted and recorded in a standardized format. This may include information on study characteristics, participant demographics, and outcome measures. 5. Statistical analysis: Once the data are extracted, statistical methods are used to analyze the combined results from the selected studies. This may involve calculating effect sizes, conducting subgroup analyses, and assessing heterogeneity among the studies. 6. Interpretation of results: The results of the meta-analysis are interpreted in the context of the research question and the characteristics of the included studies. This may involve drawing conclusions about the overall effect of an intervention or the relationship between variables. In order to conduct a meta-analysis, certain requirements need to be met. These include: - Clearly defined research question or topic of interest - Comprehensive literature search to identify relevant studies - Inclusion criteria for selecting studies - Standardized data extraction process - Appropriate statistical methods for analyzing the combined results - Transparent reporting of methods and results Additionally, it is important for researchers to consider potential sources of bias and to assess the quality of the included studies. Adhering to these requirements helps ensure the validity and reliability of the meta-analysis findings.

What is the "file drawer problem?" Why is it a problem in meta-analysis? What approach has been recommended to determine the extent of the file drawer problem in a meta-analysis?

Correct Answer

Answered by ExamLex AI

Answered by ExamLex AI

The "file drawer problem" refers to the ...

View Answer

According to conventions recommended by Cohen to describe the strength of d, the following is considered a medium effect:


A) d = 0.20
B) d = 0.50
C) d = 0.80
D) d = 1.00

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

verifed

verified

B

A meta-analysis evaluated the relationship between attitudes and behavior toward exercising. To illustrate the practical importance using the summary effect, a binomial effect size display (BESD) was constructed. What is the magnitude of the summary effect? A meta-analysis evaluated the relationship between attitudes and behavior toward exercising. To illustrate the practical importance using the summary effect, a binomial effect size display (BESD) was constructed. What is the magnitude of the summary effect? A) r = 0.20 B) r = 0.40 C) r = 0.60 D) r = 0.80


A) r = 0.20
B) r = 0.40
C) r = 0.60
D) r = 0.80

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

verifed

verified

At the outset of a meta-analysis (i.e., when determining what studies will be included in the analyses) , what are the primary considerations a researcher must address? (circle all that apply)


A) decide whether to include moderators in the analysis
B) specify tentative rules for inclusion and exclusion in analyses
C) locate every study that fits the (tentative) inclusion criteria
D) determine whether to use a fixed-effects or random-effects model

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

verifed

verified

In meta-analysis, weighting procedures are applied to synthesize the effects of primary studies for the purpose of calculating a summary effect. The three weighting procedures are unweighted model, fixed-effect model, and random-effects model. Conceptually describe how each model is calculated, and the assumptions made by each.

Correct Answer

Answered by ExamLex AI

Answered by ExamLex AI

The unweighted model in meta-analysis ca...

View Answer

What are some of the reasons for why the correlation coefficient is often considered to be the preferred effect size to use in a meta-analysis? (circle all that apply)


A) it is easy to interpret
B) it is easy to compare (and aggregate) effect sizes from studies that used any combination of dichotomous and continuous measurements of variables
C) studies are more likely to report correlations than they are to report group differences
D) correlations do not take sample size into account while other effect size estimates do

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

verifed

verified

A,B

Which of the following is true of the vote counting method? (circle all that apply)


A) it is methodologically superior to meta-analysis
B) the number of statistically significant studies is counted
C) the number of non- statistically significant studies is counted
D) the decision about whether a theoretical link is tenable is made on the basis of number of significant vs. non-significant studies

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

verifed

verified

Showing 1 - 20 of 33

Related Exams

Exam 1

Basic Concepts

37 Questions

Exam 2

Internal and External Validity

30 Questions

Exam 3

Measurement Reliability

28 Questions

Exam 4

Measurement Validity

29 Questions

Exam 5

Designing Experiments

20 Questions

Exam 6

Constructing Laboratory Experiments

31 Questions

Exam 7

External Validity of Laboratory Experiments

33 Questions

Exam 8

Conducting Experiments Outside the Laboratory

23 Questions

Exam 9

Nonexperimental Research

36 Questions

Exam 10

Quasi-Experiments and Evaluation Research

31 Questions

Exam 11

Survey Studies

32 Questions

Exam 12

Systematic Observational Methods

21 Questions

Exam 13

Interviewing

27 Questions

Exam 14

Content Analysis

17 Questions

Exam 15

Questionnaire Design and Scale Construction

22 Questions

Exam 16

Indirect and Implicit Measures of Cognition and Affect

24 Questions

Exam 17

Scaling Stimuli

23 Questions

Exam 18

Methods for Assessing Dyads and Groups

19 Questions

Exam 20

Social Responsibility and Ethics in Social Research

21 Questions

Show Answer