Question 1

A pharmaceutical company hires a chemist to analyze the purity of the water being used in its drug preparations. If the water is pure, the chemist would expect to find

Accepted Answer

A)  only molecules of H₂O.
B)  H₂O molecules and H⁺ ions.
C)  H₂O molecules, H⁺ ions, and OH⁻ ions.
D)  only H⁺ ions and OH⁻ ions.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

A(n) ________ forms when two atoms share electrons.

Accepted Answer

A)  ion
B)  covalent bond
C)  ionic bond
D)  hydrogen bondE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

The temperature of evaporation is much higher for water than for alcohol. Without knowing more about the chemistry of alcohol, which of the following is the most logical chemical explanation for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ionic bonds form between alcohol molecules. These are the weakest type of bond and are easier to break than the hydrogen bonds between water molecules.
B)  Alcohol has a higher surface tension than water. This means that alcohol molecules can easily break away from other alcohol molecules and evaporate at a lower temperature.
C)  Alcohol molecules are more cohesive than water molecules. This means that as alcohol molecules evaporate, they pull other alcohol molecules into the air along with them.
D)  Fewer hydrogen bonds form between alcohol molecules. As a result, less heat is needed for alcohol molecules to break away from solution and enter the air.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 4

A nutrition facts label from a fortified cereal states that in a single serving of cereal there is 8% of the percent daily value of the element phosphorous. The label also says that a single serving of cereal plus one-half cup of skim milk has 20% of the percent daily value of phosphorus. Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  A half-cup of skim milk contains 12% of the percent daily value of phosphorus.
B)  A half-cup of skim milk contains twice as much phosphorus as a serving of cereal.
C)  Eating five servings of cereal and two and a half cups of skim milk will give you 100% of the phosphorus that you need for one day.
D)  The amount of phosphorus in six servings of cereal is equal to the amount of phosphorus in two cups of skim milk.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 5

In the equation 2 H₂ + O₂ → 2 H₂O,

Accepted Answer

A)  H₂, O₂, and H₂O are all compounds.
B)  H₂, O₂, and H₂O are all elements.
C)  only H₂O is a compound.
D)  only H₂ and O₂ are compounds.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 6

What is the fundamental difference between covalent and ionic bonding?

Accepted Answer

A)  In a covalent bond, the partners share a pair of electrons; in an ionic bond, one partner accepts electrons from the other.
B)  In covalent bonding, both partners end up with filled outer electron shells; in ionic bonding, one partner does and the other does not.
C)  Covalent bonding involves only the outermost electron shell; ionic bonding also involves the next electron shell inside the outermost shell.
D)  Covalent bonds form between atoms of the same element; ionic bonds form between atoms of different elements.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Compared to a solution of pH 3, a solution of pH 1 is

Accepted Answer

A)  100 times more acidic.
B)  10 times more acidic.
C)  10 times more basic.
D)  100 times more basic.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration, in which glucose is used to generate ATP to power the cell. The major chemical reaction that takes place in glycolysis (ignoring some other reactants and products) is the conversion of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) to pyruvate (C₃H₄O₃) and hydrogen ions (H⁺) . Using this information, what is the correct equation for the glycolysis chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  C₆H₁₂O₆ → C₃H₄O₃ + H⁺
B)  C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2 C₃H₄O₃ + 2 H⁺
C)  C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2 C₃H₄O₃ + H⁺
D)  2 C₆H₁₂O₆ → C₃H₄O₃ + 2 H⁺E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

The tendency of water molecules to stick together is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  adhesion.
B)  polarity.
C)  cohesion.
D)  transpiration.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is dependent on the ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules besides water?

Accepted Answer

A)  the evaporative cooling of skin surfaces
B)  the milder temperatures of coastal regions compared to inland areas
C)  the ability of certain insects to walk on the surface of water
D)  the universality of water as a solventE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

How will a lower ocean pH caused by ocean acidification affect coral reefs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coral reefs will grow faster because there are more carbonate ions available.
B)  Coral reefs will grow slower because there are fewer carbonate ions available.
C)  Coral reefs will grow faster because there are more bicarbonate ions available.
D)  Coral reefs will grow slower because there are fewer bicarbonate ions available.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 12

After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Uranium is a metallic element that is used in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. The vast majority of uranium found on Earth is in the form of uranium-238, an isotope with a mass number of 238, while the uranium that is used for nuclear reactors and weapons is uranium-235, an isotope with a mass number of 235.
-What is the atomic difference between uranium-235 and uranium-238?

Accepted Answer

A)  Uranium-235 has three fewer protons than uranium-238.
B)  Uranium-235 has three fewer neutrons than uranium-238.
C)  Uranium-235 has three fewer electrons than uranium-238.
D)  Uranium-235 has three fewer atoms than uranium-238.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

Water molecules stick to other water molecules because

Accepted Answer

A)  water molecules are neutral, and neutral molecules are attracted to each other.
B)  hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atoms of other water molecules.
C)  covalent bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen atoms of other water molecules.
D)  the oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules are attracted to one another.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Typically, nitrogen atoms are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. An isotope of nitrogen could

Accepted Answer

A)  be positively charged.
B)  be negatively charged.
C)  have more protons than the usual nitrogen atom.
D)  have more neutrons than the usual nitrogen atom.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Clots in our blood can lead to a heart attack or stroke by blocking blood flow. If a clot were made up of a mass of proteins, what changed in the proteins to cause them to form the clot?

Accepted Answer

A)  The proteins became more polar.
B)  The blood became saturated with proteins.
C)  The proteins were no longer soluble in the blood.
D)  The proteins became more soluble in the blood.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 16

A diabetic, who does not utilize insulin properly, will metabolize fats instead of glucose. A condition called diabetic ketoacidosis is a common result of excessive fat metabolism, causing blood pH values of 7.1 or less (normal range is 7.35-7.45) . What has happened to the blood pH and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pH is above normal (basic) because the ketones are too basic.
B)  The pH is below normal (acidic) because the buffering capacity was exceeded.
C)  The pH is not affected because the blood buffers can absorb the excess H⁺.
D)  The pH is below normal because buffers can donate OH⁺.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

An uncharged atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many electrons does boron have?

Accepted Answer

A)  11
B)  15
C)  5
D)  2E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Which of the following is a trace element in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen
B)  zinc
C)  oxygen
D)  hydrogenE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Medicines are often administered in pill form. In many cases, the active ingredient of the pill (the drug) is joined to another substance by ________. This forms a(n) ________, which is stable in the dry environment of a pill bottle but dissociates under the wet conditions of the digestive system to release the drug to the body.

Accepted Answer

A)  ionic bonds; salt
B)  hydrogen bonds; base
C)  ionic bonds; acid
D)  covalent bonds; saltE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 20

Household ammonia has a pH of 12; household bleach has a pH of 13. Which of the following statements about these substances is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both of these substances are strong acids.
B)  The ammonia has 10 times as many OH⁻ ions as the bleach.
C)  The ammonia has 10 times as many H⁺ ions as the bleach.
D)  A solution that could buffer the bleach and ammonia would remove excess OH⁻ ions.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 2: The Chemical Basis of Life

Household ammonia has a pH of 12; household bleach has a pH of 13. Which of the following statements about these substances is true?

Correct Answer
verified

In the equation 2 H₂ + O₂ → 2 H₂O,

Correct Answer
verified

An uncharged atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many electrons does boron have?

Correct Answer
verified

The temperature of evaporation is much higher for water than for alcohol. Without knowing more about the chemistry of alcohol, which of the following is the most logical chemical explanation for this phenomenon?

Correct Answer
verified

A pharmaceutical company hires a chemist to analyze the purity of the water being used in its drug preparations. If the water is pure, the chemist would expect to find

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The tendency of water molecules to stick together is referred to as

Correct Answer
verified

How will a lower ocean pH caused by ocean acidification affect coral reefs?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is dependent on the ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules besides water?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the fundamental difference between covalent and ionic bonding?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a trace element in the human body?

Correct Answer
verified

Typically, nitrogen atoms are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. An isotope of nitrogen could

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

A(n) ________ forms when two atoms share electrons.

Correct Answer
verified

Water molecules stick to other water molecules because

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Compared to a solution of pH 3, a solution of pH 1 is

Correct Answer
verified

A diabetic, who does not utilize insulin properly, will metabolize fats instead of glucose. A condition called diabetic ketoacidosis is a common result of excessive fat metabolism, causing blood pH values of 7.1 or less (normal range is 7.35-7.45) . What has happened to the blood pH and why?

Correct Answer
verified

Clots in our blood can lead to a heart attack or stroke by blocking blood flow. If a clot were made up of a mass of proteins, what changed in the proteins to cause them to form the clot?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: The Chemical Basis of Life

Household ammonia has a pH of 12; household bleach has a pH of 13. Which of the following statements about these substances is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the equation 2 H₂ + O₂ → 2 H₂O,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An uncharged atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many electrons does boron have?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The temperature of evaporation is much higher for water than for alcohol. Without knowing more about the chemistry of alcohol, which of the following is the most logical chemical explanation for this phenomenon?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A pharmaceutical company hires a chemist to analyze the purity of the water being used in its drug preparations. If the water is pure, the chemist would expect to find

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency of water molecules to stick together is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How will a lower ocean pH caused by ocean acidification affect coral reefs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is dependent on the ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules besides water?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the fundamental difference between covalent and ionic bonding?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a trace element in the human body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Typically, nitrogen atoms are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. An isotope of nitrogen could

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A(n) ________ forms when two atoms share electrons.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water molecules stick to other water molecules because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared to a solution of pH 3, a solution of pH 1 is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A diabetic, who does not utilize insulin properly, will metabolize fats instead of glucose. A condition called diabetic ketoacidosis is a common result of excessive fat metabolism, causing blood pH values of 7.1 or less (normal range is 7.35-7.45) . What has happened to the blood pH and why?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Clots in our blood can lead to a heart attack or stroke by blocking blood flow. If a clot were made up of a mass of proteins, what changed in the proteins to cause them to form the clot?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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