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Exam 11: Automated Decision Systems and Expert Systems

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Question 1

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The development of expert systems is often described as a tedious process. What activities does it typically include?

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•Identifying proper experts
•A...

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________ is a collection of concepts and ideas that are related to the development of intelligent systems.

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Artificial...

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Unlike human experts, expert systems do not need to explain their views, recommendations, or decisions.

Rich and Knight (1991) defined artificial intelligence as "the study of how to make people do things at which, at the moment, computers are better."

Which module is missing from most expert systems?

________ chaining is a goal-driven approach in which you start from an expectation of what is going to happen (i.e., hypothesis) and then seek evidence that supports (or contradicts) your expectation.

The knowledge possessed by human experts is often lacking in ________ and not explicitly expressed.

Once validated, the knowledge acquired from experts or induced from a set of data must be represented in a format that does not need to be understandable by humans but must be executable on computers.

An ________ shell is a type of development tool that has built-in inference capabilities and a user interface, and is specifically designed for ES development.

In the Clinical Decision Support System case study, what was the system's output?

Inference rules and knowledge rules are both used to solve problems in a rule-based expert system.

________ chaining is a data-driven approach in which we start from available information as it becomes available or from a basic idea, and then we try to draw conclusions.

________ is a collection of specialized facts, procedures, and judgment usually expressed as rules.

Knowledge acquisition from experts is a complex task that requires specialized expertise to conduct successfully.

While most first-generation Expert Systems (ES) use if-then rules to represent and store their knowledge, second-generation ES are more flexible in adopting multiple knowledge representation and reasoning methods.

It is difficult to acquire knowledge from experts for all the following reasons EXCEPT

What are three components that may be included in an expert system in addition to the three major components found in virtually all expert systems?

Rules derived from data ________ can be used effectively in automated decision systems.

The case study on chemical, biological, and radiological agents shows that expert systems are widely used in high pressure situations where the human decision makers are confident in taking quick actions.

Inference rules, or ________ rules, offer advice on how to solve a problem, given that certain facts are known.