Question 1

Fungal infections of the CNS are most commonly seen in

Accepted Answer

A)   immunocompetent individuals.
B)   young, healthy individuals.
C)   AIDS patients.
D)   newborns.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Which of the following protozoan(s) use antigenic switching to avoid the host immune system?

Accepted Answer

A)   T. gondii
B)   T. brucei
C)   T. cruzi
D)   T. brucei and T. cruziE) C) and D)
F) A) and D) D

Question 3

All of the following are caused by prions EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   sheep scrapie.
B)   kuru.
C)   rabies.
D)   bovine spongiform encephalopathy.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

A physician diagnoses a patient with Eastern equine encephalitis.All of the following pertain to the patient EXCEPT that he or she

Accepted Answer

A)   most likely caught the virus from a bite from an infected mosquito.
B)   was diagnosed by detecting an increase in antibody titer to the virus.
C)   is infected with a neurotropic virus.
D)   is infected with a rare disease.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D) C

Question 5

Which of the following is treated with antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

A)   botulism
B)   tetanus
C)   streptococcal pneumonia
D)   polioE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 6

CASE HISTORY
In June,Mitch,a 47-year-old resident of Oklahoma,was admitted to the hospital with rapid onset of progressive dizziness,blurred vision,slurred speech,difficulty swallowing,and nausea.Findings on examination included absence of fever,drooping eyelids,facial paralysis,and impaired gag reflex.He developed breathing difficulties and required mechanical ventilation.The patient reported that during the 24 hours before onset of symptoms,he had eaten home-canned green beans and a stew containing roast beef and potatoes.Analysis of the patient's stool detected botulinum type a toxin,but no Clostridium botulinum organisms were found.The patient was hospitalized for 49 days,including 42 days on mechanical ventilation,before being discharged.
Briefly describe the likely progress of Mitch's disease from exposure to hospitalization.Is antibiotic therapy likely to be useful in the treatment of Mitch's disease? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

It was likely consumption of f...

Question 7

The ________ collects data from the outside environment and communicates that information to the ________.

Accepted Answer

peripheral...

Question 8

Arboviruses cause ________ and are transmitted by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   meningitis; bee stings
B)   meningitis; mosquitoes
C)   encephalitis; dog bites
D)   encephalitis; mosquitoesE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 9

All of the following are true of polio EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   the portal of entry is ingestion of contaminated water.
B)   most cases are severe and result in paralysis.
C)   it replicates in the throat and small intestines.
D)   the Sabin vaccine contains attenuated strains of the virus.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

A small proteinaceous infectious particle is known as a ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A small proteinaceous infectious particle is known...

Question 11

Which of the images is the amebic form that infects humans?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   noneE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Which of the following statements about rabies is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is caused by lyssavirus.
B)   Rabies virus is a neurotropic virus.
C)   Hydrophobia is associated with the disease.
D)   There are three basic forms: encephalitic, paralytic, and atypical.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Explain the transmission,etiologies,and diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.

Accepted Answer

Bacterial meningitis is considered a medical emergency.Patient history can provide clues,but laboratory results are needed for definitive diagnosis.Neisseria meningitidis,Streptococcus pneumoniae,and Haemophilus influenzae type b are the top causative agents of meningitis.
Neisseria meningitidis affects people of all ages;however,it severely targets adolescents and young adults.It is transmitted from the nasopharynx of infected individuals.Diagnosis is based off clinical presentation,isolation of the bacteria from CSF,and/or blood and Gram stain of CSF.
Streptococcus pneumoniae affects people of all ages and is transmitted via the respiratory tract.Diagnosis is based off clinical presentation,CSF analysis,bacterial culture,and Gram stain.
Haemophilus influenzae affects unvaccinated adults and children and is transmitted from the upper respiratory tract.Diagnosis is based off clinical presentation,CSF analysis,blood culture,and Gram stain.

Question 14

CASE HISTORY
In June,Mitch,a 47-year-old resident of Oklahoma,was admitted to the hospital with rapid onset of progressive dizziness,blurred vision,slurred speech,difficulty swallowing,and nausea.Findings on examination included absence of fever,drooping eyelids,facial paralysis,and impaired gag reflex.He developed breathing difficulties and required mechanical ventilation.The patient reported that during the 24 hours before onset of symptoms,he had eaten home-canned green beans and a stew containing roast beef and potatoes.Analysis of the patient's stool detected botulinum type a toxin,but no Clostridium botulinum organisms were found.The patient was hospitalized for 49 days,including 42 days on mechanical ventilation,before being discharged.
What are the risk factors for botulism like that in Mitch's case? How can this disease be prevented?

Accepted Answer

Individual risk factors largely irreleva...

Question 15

Bacterial encephalitis and meningitis are difficult to treat because

Accepted Answer

A)   no medications exist for treatment of these infections.
B)   antibiotics damage nervous tissue.
C)   many antibiotics cannot cross the blood-brain barrier.
D)   it is very difficult to determine the causative microbe.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Initial treatment for tetanus in an unimmunized person with a puncture wound is

Accepted Answer

A)   tetanus immune globulin.
B)   tetanus toxoid.
C)   penicillin.
D)   debridement.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)   poliomyelitis - respiratory route
B)   meningococcal meningitis - respiratory route
C)   rabies - direct contact
D)   listeriosis - ingestionE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

A pathologist detects Negri bodies while examining a brain section taken at autopsy.What was the cause of death?

Accepted Answer

A)   rabies
B)   poliomyelitis
C)   spongiform encephalopathy
D)   West Nile encephalitisE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Microorganisms reach the CNS by all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   migrating to the CNS from distal sites.
B)   toxins traveling along peripheral nerves.
C)   infecting bone.
D)   inhalation of the organism.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Which of the following is true about CSF?

Accepted Answer

A)   Inflammatory cells are found in both healthy and unhealthy CSF.
B)   It helps to diagnose infections of the central nervous system.
C)   The identification of PMNs in CSF indicates a viral infection.
D)   CSF is collected via the placement of a shunt in the vertebral column.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Exam 24: Infections of the Central Nervous System

Fungal infections of the CNS are most commonly seen in

Correct Answer
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Which of the following protozoan(s) use antigenic switching to avoid the host immune system?

Correct Answer
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D

All of the following are caused by prions EXCEPT

Correct Answer
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A physician diagnoses a patient with Eastern equine encephalitis.All of the following pertain to the patient EXCEPT that he or she

Correct Answer
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C

Which of the following is treated with antibiotics?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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It was likely consumption of f...
View Answer

The collects data from the outside environment and communicates that information to the .

Correct Answer
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peripheral...
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Arboviruses cause and are transmitted by .

Correct Answer
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All of the following are true of polio EXCEPT

Correct Answer
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A small proteinaceous infectious particle is known as a ________.

Correct Answer
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Which of the images is the amebic form that infects humans?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following statements about rabies is FALSE?

Correct Answer
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Explain the transmission,etiologies,and diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.

Correct Answer
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Individual risk factors largely irreleva...
View Answer

Bacterial encephalitis and meningitis are difficult to treat because

Correct Answer
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Initial treatment for tetanus in an unimmunized person with a puncture wound is

Correct Answer
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Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Correct Answer
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A pathologist detects Negri bodies while examining a brain section taken at autopsy.What was the cause of death?

Correct Answer
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Microorganisms reach the CNS by all of the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer
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Which of the following is true about CSF?

Correct Answer
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Exam 24: Infections of the Central Nervous System

Fungal infections of the CNS are most commonly seen in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following protozoan(s) use antigenic switching to avoid the host immune system?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

All of the following are caused by prions EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A physician diagnoses a patient with Eastern equine encephalitis.All of the following pertain to the patient EXCEPT that he or she

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Which of the following is treated with antibiotics?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedIt was likely consumption of f...View AnswerShow Answer

The ________ collects data from the outside environment and communicates that information to the ________.

Correct Answerverifiedperipheral...View AnswerShow Answer

Arboviruses cause ________ and are transmitted by ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are true of polio EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A small proteinaceous infectious particle is known as a ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the images is the amebic form that infects humans?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about rabies is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain the transmission,etiologies,and diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.

Correct AnswerverifiedIndividual risk factors largely irreleva...View AnswerShow Answer

Bacterial encephalitis and meningitis are difficult to treat because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Initial treatment for tetanus in an unimmunized person with a puncture wound is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A pathologist detects Negri bodies while examining a brain section taken at autopsy.What was the cause of death?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Microorganisms reach the CNS by all of the following EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true about CSF?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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D

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C

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It was likely consumption of f...
View Answer

The collects data from the outside environment and communicates that information to the .

Correct Answer
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peripheral...
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Arboviruses cause and are transmitted by .

Correct Answer
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Individual risk factors largely irreleva...
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