Question 1

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment,which of the following occurs during phase 3?

Accepted Answer

A)  Attachment becomes focused on one figure,usually the primary caregiver,as the baby gradually learns to distinguish familiar from unfamiliar people.
B)  Strangers,siblings,and parents are equally likely to elicit smiling or crying from the infant.
C)  Children become aware of others' feelings,goals,and plans,and begin to take these into account in forming their own actions.
D)  With increased locomotor skills,babies actively seek contact with regular caregivers,such as the mother or father.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

Nakita is 6 months old,and she has a tendency to cry when strangers come near her.She is displaying one of a baby's earliest emotions,_____.

Accepted Answer

A)  fear
B)  embarrassment
C)  jealousy
D)  prideE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Infant Angela is frustrated.Her ability to wait longer to express her anger and possibly engage in a self-regulatory strategy like distraction will depend on:

Accepted Answer

A)  her effortful control.
B)  her biological make-up.
C)  the peers she chooses.
D)  her intelligence level.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 4

There was a _____ percent increase in stay-at-home fathers in the United States from 1996 to 2006.

Accepted Answer

A)  300-plus
B)  less than 20
C)  100
D)  200E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding separation protests?

Accepted Answer

A)  The percentage of infants who engaged in separation protest varied across cultures.
B)  Infants reached a peak of protest at about the same age across cultures.
C)  It is initially displayed by infants at approximately 10 to 12 months.
D)  It peaks at about 15 months among U.S.infants.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

Engaging in face-to-face play primarily promotes an infant's _____ development.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychosocial
B)  cognitive
C)  physical
D)  biologicalE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Especially in infancy,emotions play important roles in:

Accepted Answer

A)  independence.
B)  reciprocal socialization.
C)  sensation.
D)  behavioral organization.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

_____ can include connections between a wide range of biological,cognitive,and socioemotional processes,and also can involve social contexts such as families,peers,schools,and culture.

Accepted Answer

A)  Reciprocal socializations
B)  Developmental cascades
C)  Secure attachments
D)  ScaffoldingE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Eight-month-old Michael is placed in front of a mirror with a spot of rouge on his nose.Michael will MOST likely:

Accepted Answer

A)  touch his own nose to wipe off the spot.
B)  touch the spot on the mirror,because he wants to wipe the spot off his own nose.
C)  touch the spot on the mirror,because he wonders why that other child has a spot on his nose.
D)  crawl away from the mirror,because he does not recognize his own reflection in the mirror.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

The development of _____ helps infants interpret ambiguous situations more accurately,as when they encounter a stranger.

Accepted Answer

A)  infinite generativity
B)  deferred imitation
C)  social referencing
D)  reciprocal socializationE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 11

What is the term used to describe "reading" emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Social referencing
B)  Deferred imitation
C)  Infinite generativity
D)  Reciprocal socializationE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

_____ is an emotion that occurs for the first time in infants at some point in the second half of the first year or during the second year of life.

Accepted Answer

A)  Joy
B)  Anger
C)  Fear
D)  PrideE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 13

Which of the following is the BEST description of scaffolding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parents time interactions in such a way that the infant experiences turn-taking with the parents.
B)  The caregiver and infant focus on the same object or event.
C)  Mothers and their infants interact in a dance-like pattern of closely coordinated actions.
D)  The child is presented with a series of introductions,separations,and reunions with the caregiver.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 14

In the Strange Situation,Latoya basically ignored her mother,was not upset when she left the room,and did not seek her out when she returned.Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Latoya as:

Accepted Answer

A)  securely attached.
B)  insecure avoidant.
C)  insecure resistant.
D)  insecure antisocial.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Which of the following is an emotional expression that infants display when interacting with parents?

Accepted Answer

A)  Crying
B)  Pouting
C)  Growling
D)  SneeringE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Researchers are discovering that infants are more socially sophisticated and insightful at younger ages than previously envisioned.In which aspect is this sophistication and insight reflected?

Accepted Answer

A)  In infants' perceptions of others' actions as intentionally motivated and goal-directed
B)  In infants' awareness of the "self" as an independent entity
C)  In infants' development of more finely refined sensory perceptions,such as vision and hearing
D)  In infants' ability to manipulate objects in an effective mannerE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

When Josh was dropped off at preschool on the very first day of class,he was quite upset.He cried for a long time and would not play with the other children.According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas,what type of temperament does Josh have?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slow-to-warm-up
B)  Easy
C)  Difficult
D)  InflexibleE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 18

When placed in his bed for the night,after a little crying and whimpering,a 20-month-old was overhead saying,"Go sleep,Alex.Okay." This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  infinite generativity.
B)  reciprocal socialization.
C)  deferred imitation.
D)  emotional regulation.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Blanca rarely holds her baby Joey and tends to respond to his needs in an angry,irritable fashion.It is most likely that Joey will develop a(n) _____ with his mother.

Accepted Answer

A)  secure attachment
B)  insecure avoidant attachment
C)  insecure resistant infant attachment
D)  disorganized resistant infant attachmentE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Explain reciprocal socialization and scaffolding,and provide an example of each.

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal socialization is socializatio...

Exam 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

_____ can include connections between a wide range of biological,cognitive,and socioemotional processes,and also can involve social contexts such as families,peers,schools,and culture.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain reciprocal socialization and scaffolding,and provide an example of each.

Correct AnswerverifiedReciprocal socialization is socializatio...View AnswerShow Answer

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment,which of the following occurs during phase 3?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nakita is 6 months old,and she has a tendency to cry when strangers come near her.She is displaying one of a baby's earliest emotions,_____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Blanca rarely holds her baby Joey and tends to respond to his needs in an angry,irritable fashion.It is most likely that Joey will develop a(n) _____ with his mother.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers are discovering that infants are more socially sophisticated and insightful at younger ages than previously envisioned.In which aspect is this sophistication and insight reflected?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding separation protests?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When placed in his bed for the night,after a little crying and whimpering,a 20-month-old was overhead saying,"Go sleep,Alex.Okay." This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Eight-month-old Michael is placed in front of a mirror with a spot of rouge on his nose.Michael will MOST likely:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Engaging in face-to-face play primarily promotes an infant's _____ development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ is an emotion that occurs for the first time in infants at some point in the second half of the first year or during the second year of life.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The development of _____ helps infants interpret ambiguous situations more accurately,as when they encounter a stranger.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Josh was dropped off at preschool on the very first day of class,he was quite upset.He cried for a long time and would not play with the other children.According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas,what type of temperament does Josh have?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There was a _____ percent increase in stay-at-home fathers in the United States from 1996 to 2006.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the Strange Situation,Latoya basically ignored her mother,was not upset when she left the room,and did not seek her out when she returned.Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Latoya as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Infant Angela is frustrated.Her ability to wait longer to express her anger and possibly engage in a self-regulatory strategy like distraction will depend on:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Especially in infancy,emotions play important roles in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the term used to describe "reading" emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the BEST description of scaffolding?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an emotional expression that infants display when interacting with parents?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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