Question 1

Often when twins who were separated at birth are reunited,they tend to focus on all of their similarities,while ignoring their differences.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  the Barnum effect.
B)  the confirmation bias.
C)  uncritical acceptance.
D)  functional fixedness.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Dollard and Miller stated that during childhood (1)feeding, (2)toilet or cleanliness training, (3)sex training,and (4)learning to express anger or aggression are capable of leaving a lasting imprint on a person and are referred to as
__________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dollard and Miller stated that during childhood...

Question 3

An ideal situation for studying the role of genetics in behavior involves

Accepted Answer

A)  identical twins reared together.
B)  identical twins reared apart.
C)  fraternal twins reared together.
D)  fraternal twins reared apart.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 4

With respect to the influence of traits and situations on behavior,it is most accurate to say that the two

Accepted Answer

A)  interact.
B)  counteract.
C)  are independent.
D)  are secondary.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Which of the following two theories stress the role of learning and life experiences in personality development?

Accepted Answer

A)  trait theory and psychoanalytic theory
B)  behavioral theory and humanistic theory
C)  trait theory and social learning theory
D)  psychoanalytic theory and humanistic theoryE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 6

When parents are rejecting,punishing,sarcastic,humiliating,or neglectful,their children tend to be characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  being independent.
B)  having impaired self-esteem.
C)  being hostile.
D)  being unresponsive and unstable.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

In a study that compared twins to unrelated pairs of students,who were the same age and sex,the unrelated pairs of students were almost as alike as the twins.These unrelated pairs had similar political beliefs,musical interests,religious preferences,job histories,hobbies,and favorite foods.These unrelated students were so similar because

Accepted Answer

A)  the students in the study actually were similar in their genetic make-up.
B)  they were selected through procedures that were biased in favor of the middle class.
C)  they were of the same age and sex,living in the same historical times,and selecting from similar societal options.
D)  the pairs of twins were so dissimilar that the unrelated pairs of students appeared very similar to each other in comparison.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Both Tasha and Eric made a "D" on their first psychology test.Tasha plans to study harder and do as much extra credit as she can in order to pull this grade up to an "A" before the end of the semester.However,Eric feels sure that he can pull a "C" out of the course,which is good enough for his program of study.Tasha and Eric appear to place different _______ on grades.

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement values
B)  expectancy values
C)  self-reinforcements
D)  self-efficaciesE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 9

According to researchers,most sudden murderers tend to be

Accepted Answer

A)  sexually disturbed.
B)  overcontrolled (restrained) .
C)  prone to anger and aggression.
D)  emotionally expressive.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 10

According to researchers,sudden murderers,like Fred Cowan described in your textbook,tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  be quiet and overcontrolled.
B)  kill in furious,frenzied attacks.
C)  have amnesia for their violent actions.
D)  exhibit all of these characteristics.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

According to Miller and Dollard,early feeding experiences

Accepted Answer

A)  are linked to adult needs for power.
B)  form a person's attitudes toward cleanliness,conformity,and bodily functions.
C)  lead to the learning of gender roles.
D)  help form a person's basic active or passive orientation toward the world.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Since the ability to control your own life is the essence of what it means to be human,Albert Bandura believes that one of the most important expectancies we develop concerns our capacity for producing a desired result.Bandura called this concept

Accepted Answer

A)  self-reinforcement.
B)  self-efficacy.
C)  congruence.
D)  organismic valuing.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 13

A person states that the reason people in some professions,such as teachers,lawyers,or doctors,seem so much alike is because their work requires that they act in particular ways.This person believes that the behavior of these professionals is strongly influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  personality traits.
B)  external situations.
C)  lasting biological predispositions.
D)  ego defense mechanisms.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 14

According to Rotter's social learning theory,the anticipation that making a response will lead to reinforcement is called

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement value.
B)  expectancy.
C)  self-reinforcement.
D)  identification.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 15

According to social learning theory,a child's feeling of being emotionally connected to another person is referred to
as __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to social learning theory,a child's feeling...

Question 16

According to behavioral personality theorists,external conditions that strongly influence behavior are called

Accepted Answer

A)  situational determinants.
B)  congruence stimuli.
C)  secondary traits.
D)  fixations.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 17

Although Jan would be described as very extroverted,she will be more extroverted at a party than when she is attending church.This observation supports the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  trait-situation interaction.
B)  behavioral genetic determinants.
C)  situational fixations.
D)  possible selves.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Regarding the social learning theorists' view of personality and gender,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many "male" or "female" traits come from children's attempts to imitate a same­sex parent with whom they identify.
B)  We can learn without direct reward by observing and remembering the actions of others.
C)  The actions we choose to imitate depend on their outcomes.
D)  Children are labeled as boys or girls around age two and are encouraged to learn appropriate gender roles from preschool on.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

According to Bandura,which of the following plays a key role in shaping our lives by influencing the activities and environments in which we choose to participate?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-actualization
B)  self-efficacy
C)  congruence
D)  organismic valuingE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Which of the following is an infant's biological predispositions to be sensitive,irritable,distractible,and to display a typical mood and which has a large impact on how the infant interacts with his or her parents?

Accepted Answer

A)  character
B)  ego
C)  somatotype
D)  temperamentE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Exam 53: Personality: Behavioral and Social Learning Theories

According to Miller and Dollard,early feeding experiences

Correct Answer
verified

According to Rotter's social learning theory,the anticipation that making a response will lead to reinforcement is called

Correct Answer
verified

Regarding the social learning theorists' view of personality and gender,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Correct Answer
verified

An ideal situation for studying the role of genetics in behavior involves

Correct Answer
verified

According to social learning theory,a child's feeling of being emotionally connected to another person is referred to as __________.

Correct Answer
verified

Often when twins who were separated at birth are reunited,they tend to focus on all of their similarities,while ignoring their differences.This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Since the ability to control your own life is the essence of what it means to be human,Albert Bandura believes that one of the most important expectancies we develop concerns our capacity for producing a desired result.Bandura called this concept

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following two theories stress the role of learning and life experiences in personality development?

Correct Answer
verified

A person states that the reason people in some professions,such as teachers,lawyers,or doctors,seem so much alike is because their work requires that they act in particular ways.This person believes that the behavior of these professionals is strongly influenced by

Correct Answer
verified

According to researchers,sudden murderers,like Fred Cowan described in your textbook,tend to

Correct Answer
verified

When parents are rejecting,punishing,sarcastic,humiliating,or neglectful,their children tend to be characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

With respect to the influence of traits and situations on behavior,it is most accurate to say that the two

Correct Answer
verified

Dollard and Miller stated that during childhood (1)feeding, (2)toilet or cleanliness training, (3)sex training,and (4)learning to express anger or aggression are capable of leaving a lasting imprint on a person and are referred to as __________.

Correct Answer
verified

According to researchers,most sudden murderers tend to be

Correct Answer
verified

According to behavioral personality theorists,external conditions that strongly influence behavior are called

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an infant's biological predispositions to be sensitive,irritable,distractible,and to display a typical mood and which has a large impact on how the infant interacts with his or her parents?

Correct Answer
verified

Although Jan would be described as very extroverted,she will be more extroverted at a party than when she is attending church.This observation supports the concept of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

According to Bandura,which of the following plays a key role in shaping our lives by influencing the activities and environments in which we choose to participate?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 53: Personality: Behavioral and Social Learning Theories

According to Miller and Dollard,early feeding experiences

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Rotter's social learning theory,the anticipation that making a response will lead to reinforcement is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regarding the social learning theorists' view of personality and gender,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An ideal situation for studying the role of genetics in behavior involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to social learning theory,a child's feeling of being emotionally connected to another person is referred to as __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Often when twins who were separated at birth are reunited,they tend to focus on all of their similarities,while ignoring their differences.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Since the ability to control your own life is the essence of what it means to be human,Albert Bandura believes that one of the most important expectancies we develop concerns our capacity for producing a desired result.Bandura called this concept

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following two theories stress the role of learning and life experiences in personality development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person states that the reason people in some professions,such as teachers,lawyers,or doctors,seem so much alike is because their work requires that they act in particular ways.This person believes that the behavior of these professionals is strongly influenced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to researchers,sudden murderers,like Fred Cowan described in your textbook,tend to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When parents are rejecting,punishing,sarcastic,humiliating,or neglectful,their children tend to be characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With respect to the influence of traits and situations on behavior,it is most accurate to say that the two

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dollard and Miller stated that during childhood (1)feeding, (2)toilet or cleanliness training, (3)sex training,and (4)learning to express anger or aggression are capable of leaving a lasting imprint on a person and are referred to as __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to researchers,most sudden murderers tend to be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to behavioral personality theorists,external conditions that strongly influence behavior are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an infant's biological predispositions to be sensitive,irritable,distractible,and to display a typical mood and which has a large impact on how the infant interacts with his or her parents?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although Jan would be described as very extroverted,she will be more extroverted at a party than when she is attending church.This observation supports the concept of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Bandura,which of the following plays a key role in shaping our lives by influencing the activities and environments in which we choose to participate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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