Question 1

The acronym CREATE may be used to capture the following elements of creativity EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  choose the goal of creativity.
B)  reinforce creative behavior.
C)  engage in extrinsically motivated activities.
D)  acquire relevant knowledge.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

While Mary was reading a story about the Australian outback adventures of Billy and his dog, she had no problem visualizing the arid countryside, the unusual animals that lived there, and the various people that Billy and his dog met in their journeys. Mary is using:

Accepted Answer

A)  mental imagery.
B)  a mental set.
C)  an algorithm.
D)  a heuristic.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Flashes of insight typically involve:

Accepted Answer

A)  large quantities of caffeine.
B)  a great deal of work.
C)  motivation by extrinsic rewards.
D)  convergent thinking.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

Insight is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  a problem-solving strategy that involves attempting different solutions and eliminating those that do not work.
B)  a problem-solving strategy that involves following a specific rule, procedure, or method that inevitably produces the correct solution.
C)  a problem-solving strategy that involves following a general rule of thumb to reduce the number of possible solutions.
D)  the sudden realization of how a problem can be solved.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Research on the cognitive ability needed to manipulate mental images indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the greater the distance between two points on the mental image, the less time it will take to scan.
B)  the greater the distance between two points on the mental image, the more time it will take to scan.
C)  the shorter the distance between two points on the mental image, the more time it will take to scan.
D)  there is no relationship between the size of a mental image and the amount of time it takes to mentally scan it.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

Hiroshiko believes that a general factor (called the g factor)  is responsible for overall performance on mental ability tests, and that it can be expressed as a single number, such as an IQ score. Dr. Hiroshiko's views are most consistent with those of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Spearman.
B)  Louis L. Thurstone.
C)  Howard Gardner.
D)  Alfred Binet.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

Formal concept is to _____ as natural concept is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  mental image; physical object.
B)  defining rules and features; everyday experience.
C)  prototype; heuristic.
D)  physical object; mental image.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Kyle is trying to decide which brand of diapers he should buy for his newborn daughter. Each of the brands has its own unique features that make it seem better than the others. Some diapers have extra padding so that they retain more fluid. Another brand touts special elastic bands around the legs to prevent leakage. Still others have fancy Velcro fasteners. Finally, confused about all of the features, Kyle buys the brand that he recognizes from commercials. What decision-making strategy did Kyle use?

Accepted Answer

A)  the additive model
B)  the elimination by aspects model
C)  representativeness heuristic model
D)  the single-feature modelE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

_____ refers to a group of cognitive processes used to generate useful, original, and novel ideas or solutions.

Accepted Answer

A)  Intuition
B)  Insight
C)  Creativity
D)  Functional fixednessE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

When Hillary was asked what comes to mind in response to the word "animal," she immediately said "horse." For Hillary, "horse" is a(n)  _____ of the category "animal."

Accepted Answer

A)  prototype
B)  formal concept
C)  stereotype
D)  additive featureE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Students were amazed when Professor Diaz walked into class on the first day of the semester and correctly "sensed" that two people in his class of 23 were born on the same day. The tendency to think that it is very unlikely that two people in a class of 23 could share the same birthday is an example of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  belief-bias effect.
B)  confirmation bias.
C)  fallacy of positive instances.
D)  overestimation effect.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Kesha forgot her locker combination at the gym. She decides to apply what she knows about algorithms to figure out her combination. This technique:

Accepted Answer

A)  will produce a correct combination about 60 percent of the time.
B)  is the most efficient approach to solving Kesha's problem.
C)  is not a practical approach, as there may be thousands of potential combinations to try.
D)  may or may not work; it depends on the type of locker she has.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Mental set is sometimes MOST likely to block insight in areas in which you are:

Accepted Answer

A)  already knowledgeable or well trained.
B)  a novice.
C)  untrained.
D)  neither knowledgeable nor trained.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Parents with children in day care may be motivated to embrace research findings that emphasize the benefits of day care for young children and discount findings that emphasize the benefits of home-based care. This is an example of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  wishful thinking bias.
B)  confirmation bias.
C)  fallacy of positive instances.
D)  belief-bias effect.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Janice forgot to pack a pillow for her camping trip, but used her down-filled jacket as a substitute pillow. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  overcoming functional fixedness.
B)  developing a mental set.
C)  using exemplars as an aid to intuitive problem solving.
D)  the availability heuristic.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Which of the following psychologists is most likely to agree with the idea that there are seven different primary mental abilities, each of which is a relatively independent element of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Spearman
B)  Robert Sternberg
C)  Louis L. Thurstone
D)  Lewis TermanE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

In one study, psychologist Margaret Shih and her colleagues assessed the performance of Asian American women on a test of verbal ability, an area in which women are stereotypically expected to excel but Asians are not. In this study, the women scored higher on the verbal test when reminded of the gender identity, but scored lower on the test when reminded of their racial identity. The effect of gender identity in this study is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  neurotypical threat.
B)  stereotype threat.
C)  neurotypical lift.
D)  stereotype lift.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 18

A worldwide survey of intelligence test scores showed that there were significant gains in average IQ scores in 14 nations in just one generation. These results provide support for _____ on IQ scores.

Accepted Answer

A)  the effect of racial characteristics
B)  environmental influences
C)  genetic influences
D)  the effect of dietE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

_____ share exactly the same genes, and thus any differences between them must be due to environmental factors rather than hereditary differences.

Accepted Answer

A)  Fraternal twins
B)  Same-sex siblings
C)  Identical wins
D)  Same-sex fraternal twinsE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 20

The Dani speakers of New Guinea have names for only two classes of colors. When psychologist Eleanor Rosch and her colleagues studied color perception in the Dani speakers, Rosch found that the Dani:

Accepted Answer

A)  could not perceive the difference between red and green.
B)  perceived colors in much the same way as English-speaking people.
C)  could only distinguish among primary colors.
D)  suffered from a hereditary form of color blindness.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Exam 7: Section 2: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Kesha forgot her locker combination at the gym. She decides to apply what she knows about algorithms to figure out her combination. This technique:

Correct Answer
verified

Research on the cognitive ability needed to manipulate mental images indicates that:

Correct Answer
verified

While Mary was reading a story about the Australian outback adventures of Billy and his dog, she had no problem visualizing the arid countryside, the unusual animals that lived there, and the various people that Billy and his dog met in their journeys. Mary is using:

Correct Answer
verified

When Hillary was asked what comes to mind in response to the word "animal," she immediately said "horse." For Hillary, "horse" is a(n) _____ of the category "animal."

Correct Answer
verified

Janice forgot to pack a pillow for her camping trip, but used her down-filled jacket as a substitute pillow. This is an example of:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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_____ refers to a group of cognitive processes used to generate useful, original, and novel ideas or solutions.

Correct Answer
verified

Parents with children in day care may be motivated to embrace research findings that emphasize the benefits of day care for young children and discount findings that emphasize the benefits of home-based care. This is an example of the:

Correct Answer
verified

The acronym CREATE may be used to capture the following elements of creativity EXCEPT:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following psychologists is most likely to agree with the idea that there are seven different primary mental abilities, each of which is a relatively independent element of intelligence?

Correct Answer
verified

A worldwide survey of intelligence test scores showed that there were significant gains in average IQ scores in 14 nations in just one generation. These results provide support for _____ on IQ scores.

Correct Answer
verified

_____ share exactly the same genes, and thus any differences between them must be due to environmental factors rather than hereditary differences.

Correct Answer
verified

Flashes of insight typically involve:

Correct Answer
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Insight is defined as:

Correct Answer
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The Dani speakers of New Guinea have names for only two classes of colors. When psychologist Eleanor Rosch and her colleagues studied color perception in the Dani speakers, Rosch found that the Dani:

Correct Answer
verified

Formal concept is to _ as natural concept is to _.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Hiroshiko believes that a general factor (called the g factor) is responsible for overall performance on mental ability tests, and that it can be expressed as a single number, such as an IQ score. Dr. Hiroshiko's views are most consistent with those of:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Mental set is sometimes MOST likely to block insight in areas in which you are:

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 7: Section 2: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Kesha forgot her locker combination at the gym. She decides to apply what she knows about algorithms to figure out her combination. This technique:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on the cognitive ability needed to manipulate mental images indicates that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

While Mary was reading a story about the Australian outback adventures of Billy and his dog, she had no problem visualizing the arid countryside, the unusual animals that lived there, and the various people that Billy and his dog met in their journeys. Mary is using:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Hillary was asked what comes to mind in response to the word "animal," she immediately said "horse." For Hillary, "horse" is a(n) _____ of the category "animal."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Janice forgot to pack a pillow for her camping trip, but used her down-filled jacket as a substitute pillow. This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ refers to a group of cognitive processes used to generate useful, original, and novel ideas or solutions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Parents with children in day care may be motivated to embrace research findings that emphasize the benefits of day care for young children and discount findings that emphasize the benefits of home-based care. This is an example of the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The acronym CREATE may be used to capture the following elements of creativity EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following psychologists is most likely to agree with the idea that there are seven different primary mental abilities, each of which is a relatively independent element of intelligence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A worldwide survey of intelligence test scores showed that there were significant gains in average IQ scores in 14 nations in just one generation. These results provide support for _____ on IQ scores.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ share exactly the same genes, and thus any differences between them must be due to environmental factors rather than hereditary differences.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Flashes of insight typically involve:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Insight is defined as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Dani speakers of New Guinea have names for only two classes of colors. When psychologist Eleanor Rosch and her colleagues studied color perception in the Dani speakers, Rosch found that the Dani:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Formal concept is to _____ as natural concept is to _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hiroshiko believes that a general factor (called the g factor) is responsible for overall performance on mental ability tests, and that it can be expressed as a single number, such as an IQ score. Dr. Hiroshiko's views are most consistent with those of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mental set is sometimes MOST likely to block insight in areas in which you are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Formal concept is to _ as natural concept is to _.

Correct Answer
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