Question 1

Which of the following clinical findings would you expect in a fully compensated respiratory acidosis?
1)  Elevated HCO3-
2)  pH below 7.35
3)  pH between 7.35 and 7.39
4)  Elevated PO2

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 3 only
B)  2 and 3 only
C)  2 and 4 only
D)  1, 3, and 4 onlyE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Which of the following statements about the equilibrium constant of an acid is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   The equilibrium constant of a weak acid is large.
B)   The equilibrium constant of a strong acid is small.
C)   The equilibrium constant of a weak acid is small.
D)   The more an acid ionizes, the smaller is the equilibrium constant.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 3

An ABG result shows pH of 7.35, PaCO2 of 30 mm Hg, and HCO3- of 18 mEq/L. Which of the following is the patient's most likely primary disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)   Metabolic acidosis
B)   Metabolic alkalosis
C)   Respiratory acidosis
D)   Respiratory alkalosisE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

A patient with a measured plasma HCO3- concentration of 24 mmol/L has an episode of acute hypoventilation, with the PCO2 rising from 40 to 70 mm Hg. What do you predict will happen acutely to the plasma HCO3- concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)   HCO3- will remain unchanged.
B)   HCO3- will rise to approximately 27 to 28 mmol/L.
C)   HCO3- will fall to approximately 20 to 21 mmol/L.
D)   HCO3- will rise to approximately 54 to 55 mmol/L.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 5

A patient who has fully compensated respiratory acidosis becomes severely hypoxic. If her lungs are not too severely compromised, what might her gases now appear to be?

Accepted Answer

A)   Fully compensated metabolic acidosis
B)   Fully compensated metabolic alkalosis
C)   Fully compensated respiratory alkalosis
D)   No changeE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

What is a normal response of the body to a failure in one component of the acid-base regulatory mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)   Autoregulation
B)   Compensation
C)   Correction
D)   HomeostasisE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

If the blood PCO2 is high, the kidneys will do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Excrete more H+ and reabsorb more HCO3-.
B)   Excrete less H+ and reabsorb more HCO3-.
C)   Excrete less H+ and reabsorb less HCO3-.
D)   Excrete more H+ and reabsorb less HCO3-.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Which of the following is a volatile acid of physiologic significance?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hydrochloric
B)   Carbonic
C)   Phosphoric
D)   LacticE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

In a patient with partially compensated respiratory alkalosis, which of the following blood gas abnormalities would you expect to encounter?
1)  Decreased pH
2)  Decreased HCO3-
3)  Decreased PCO2
4)  Increased pH

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, and 4
B)  1 and 3
C)  3 only
D)  2, 3, and 4E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, determine the accuracy of the gas below. To be considered accurate, it must be within 0.03 pH unit. pH = 7.35, PCO2 = 77 mm Hg, HCO3- = 41 mEq/L

Accepted Answer

A)   This gas is completely accurate.
B)   This gas is accurate as the calculated pH is 7.32.
C)   This gas is accurate as the calculated pH is 7.38.
D)   This gas is inaccurate according to the H-H equation.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Metabolic acidosis may be caused by:
1)  an increase in fixed (nonvolatile)  acids.
2)  an increase in blood carbon dioxide (CO2) .
3)  excessive loss of bicarbonate (HCO3-) .

Accepted Answer

A)  1 only
B)  1 and 2 only
C)  1, 2, and 3
D)  1 and 3 onlyE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is/are cause(s)  of metabolic alkalosis?
1)  Diuretics
2)  Hyperkalemia
3)  Hypochloremia
4)  Vomiting

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3, and 4 only
B)  2 and 3 only
C)  1, 2, and 4 only
D)  2 onlyE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 7.08, PCO2 = 39 mm Hg, HCO3- = 11.8 mEq/L

Accepted Answer

A)   Acute metabolic acidosis
B)   Acute respiratory acidosis
C)   Partially compensated metabolic acidosis
D)   Partially compensated respiratory acidosisE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

What is the sum of all blood buffers in 1 L of blood?

Accepted Answer

A)   Buffer base
B)   Base excess
C)   Standard bicarbonate
D)   Base deficitE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Which of the following acts as the "first-line" or immediate defense against the accumulation of H+ ions?

Accepted Answer

A)   Blood buffer system
B)   GI tract
C)   Renal system
D)   Respiratory systemE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 7.38, PCO2 = 21 mm Hg, HCO3- = 11.7 mEq/L

Accepted Answer

A)   Acute metabolic acidosis
B)   Fully compensated metabolic acidosis
C)   Partially compensated metabolic acidosis
D)   Fully compensated respiratory alkalosisE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

What effect does hyperventilation have on HCO3- recovery in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)   Less H+ excretion, greater HCO3- loss
B)   No effect as these involve two independent systems.
C)   Vicious cycle of worsening alkalemia as hyperventilation stimulates increased HCO3- retention.
D)   Escalating retention of other buffer bases along with HCO3-.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

A 31-year-old man suffering from food poisoning is having severe vomiting for the last 2 days. His blood gas and serum electrolyte analyses revealed the following: pH of 7.60, PaCO2 of 49 mm Hg, an HCO3- of 47 mEq/L, a base excess (BE)  of +20 mEq/L, a serum K+ of 2.5 mEq/L, and a serum of Cl- of 92 mEq/L. How would the respiratory therapist assess his acid-base condition?
1)  Severe hyperventilation
2)  Metabolic alkalosis
3)  Adequate compensatory response
4)  Minimal hypoventilation

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, and 3 only
B)  2 and 4 only
C)  3 only
D)  2, 3, and 4 onlyE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 19

A patient has a pH of 7.49. How would you describe this?

Accepted Answer

A)   Acidemia
B)   Alkalemia
C)   Not sufficient information to determine
D)   Normal acid-base statusE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 20

What factor would limit the ability of the H2CO3/HCO3- buffer system to perform efficiently?

Accepted Answer

A)   Temperature rise of more than 3° C
B)   Inadequate amount of 2,3-DPG in the blood
C)   Increased production of nonvolatile acids
D)   Lungs failing to excrete adequate levels of CO2E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Exam 14: Acid-Base Balance

Correct Answer
verified

A patient who has fully compensated respiratory acidosis becomes severely hypoxic. If her lungs are not too severely compromised, what might her gases now appear to be?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a volatile acid of physiologic significance?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements about the equilibrium constant of an acid is true?

Correct Answer
verified

A patient with a measured plasma HCO₃^- concentration of 24 mmol/L has an episode of acute hypoventilation, with the PCO₂ rising from 40 to 70 mm Hg. What do you predict will happen acutely to the plasma HCO₃^- concentration?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the sum of all blood buffers in 1 L of blood?

Correct Answer
verified

A patient has a pH of 7.49. How would you describe this?

Correct Answer
verified

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 7.08, PCO₂ = 39 mm Hg, HCO₃^- = 11.8 mEq/L

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following clinical findings would you expect in a fully compensated respiratory acidosis? 1) Elevated HCO₃^- 2) pH below 7.35 3) pH between 7.35 and 7.39 4) Elevated PO₂

Correct Answer
verified

What effect does hyperventilation have on HCO₃^- recovery in the kidneys?

Correct Answer
verified

What is a normal response of the body to a failure in one component of the acid-base regulatory mechanism?

Correct Answer
verified

If the blood PCO₂ is high, the kidneys will do which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following acts as the "first-line" or immediate defense against the accumulation of H⁺ ions?

Correct Answer
verified

Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, determine the accuracy of the gas below. To be considered accurate, it must be within 0.03 pH unit. pH = 7.35, PCO₂ = 77 mm Hg, HCO₃^- = 41 mEq/L

Correct Answer
verified

In a patient with partially compensated respiratory alkalosis, which of the following blood gas abnormalities would you expect to encounter? 1) Decreased pH 2) Decreased HCO₃^- 3) Decreased PCO₂ 4) Increased pH

Correct Answer
verified

What factor would limit the ability of the H₂CO₃/HCO₃^- buffer system to perform efficiently?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is/are cause(s) of metabolic alkalosis? 1) Diuretics 2) Hyperkalemia 3) Hypochloremia 4) Vomiting

Correct Answer
verified

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 7.38, PCO₂ = 21 mm Hg, HCO₃^- = 11.7 mEq/L

Correct Answer
verified

An ABG result shows pH of 7.35, PaCO₂ of 30 mm Hg, and HCO₃^- of 18 mEq/L. Which of the following is the patient's most likely primary disorder?

Correct Answer
verified

Metabolic acidosis may be caused by: 1) an increase in fixed (nonvolatile) acids. 2) an increase in blood carbon dioxide (CO₂) . 3) excessive loss of bicarbonate (HCO₃^-) .

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 14: Acid-Base Balance

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient who has fully compensated respiratory acidosis becomes severely hypoxic. If her lungs are not too severely compromised, what might her gases now appear to be?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a volatile acid of physiologic significance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about the equilibrium constant of an acid is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient with a measured plasma HCO3- concentration of 24 mmol/L has an episode of acute hypoventilation, with the PCO2 rising from 40 to 70 mm Hg. What do you predict will happen acutely to the plasma HCO3- concentration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the sum of all blood buffers in 1 L of blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient has a pH of 7.49. How would you describe this?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 7.08, PCO2 = 39 mm Hg, HCO3- = 11.8 mEq/L

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following clinical findings would you expect in a fully compensated respiratory acidosis? 1) Elevated HCO3- 2) pH below 7.35 3) pH between 7.35 and 7.39 4) Elevated PO2

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What effect does hyperventilation have on HCO3- recovery in the kidneys?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a normal response of the body to a failure in one component of the acid-base regulatory mechanism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the blood PCO2 is high, the kidneys will do which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following acts as the "first-line" or immediate defense against the accumulation of H+ ions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, determine the accuracy of the gas below. To be considered accurate, it must be within 0.03 pH unit. pH = 7.35, PCO2 = 77 mm Hg, HCO3- = 41 mEq/L

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a patient with partially compensated respiratory alkalosis, which of the following blood gas abnormalities would you expect to encounter? 1) Decreased pH 2) Decreased HCO3- 3) Decreased PCO2 4) Increased pH

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What factor would limit the ability of the H2CO3/HCO3- buffer system to perform efficiently?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is/are cause(s) of metabolic alkalosis? 1) Diuretics 2) Hyperkalemia 3) Hypochloremia 4) Vomiting

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 7.38, PCO2 = 21 mm Hg, HCO3- = 11.7 mEq/L

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An ABG result shows pH of 7.35, PaCO2 of 30 mm Hg, and HCO3- of 18 mEq/L. Which of the following is the patient's most likely primary disorder?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Metabolic acidosis may be caused by: 1) an increase in fixed (nonvolatile) acids. 2) an increase in blood carbon dioxide (CO2) . 3) excessive loss of bicarbonate (HCO3-) .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

A patient with a measured plasma HCO₃^- concentration of 24 mmol/L has an episode of acute hypoventilation, with the PCO₂ rising from 40 to 70 mm Hg. What do you predict will happen acutely to the plasma HCO₃^- concentration?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 7.08, PCO₂ = 39 mm Hg, HCO₃^- = 11.8 mEq/L

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following clinical findings would you expect in a fully compensated respiratory acidosis? 1) Elevated HCO₃^- 2) pH below 7.35 3) pH between 7.35 and 7.39 4) Elevated PO₂

Correct Answer
verified

What effect does hyperventilation have on HCO₃^- recovery in the kidneys?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

If the blood PCO₂ is high, the kidneys will do which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following acts as the "first-line" or immediate defense against the accumulation of H⁺ ions?

Correct Answer
verified

Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, determine the accuracy of the gas below. To be considered accurate, it must be within 0.03 pH unit. pH = 7.35, PCO₂ = 77 mm Hg, HCO₃^- = 41 mEq/L

Correct Answer
verified

In a patient with partially compensated respiratory alkalosis, which of the following blood gas abnormalities would you expect to encounter? 1) Decreased pH 2) Decreased HCO₃^- 3) Decreased PCO₂ 4) Increased pH

Correct Answer
verified

What factor would limit the ability of the H₂CO₃/HCO₃^- buffer system to perform efficiently?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Based on the following ABG results, what is the most likely acid-base diagnosis? pH = 7.38, PCO₂ = 21 mm Hg, HCO₃^- = 11.7 mEq/L

Correct Answer
verified

An ABG result shows pH of 7.35, PaCO₂ of 30 mm Hg, and HCO₃^- of 18 mEq/L. Which of the following is the patient's most likely primary disorder?

Correct Answer
verified

Metabolic acidosis may be caused by: 1) an increase in fixed (nonvolatile) acids. 2) an increase in blood carbon dioxide (CO₂) . 3) excessive loss of bicarbonate (HCO₃^-) .

Correct Answer
verified