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Exam 7: Learning

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Question 201

Multiple Choice

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Paul and Michael sell magazine subscriptions by telephone.Paul is paid $1.00 for every five calls he makes,while Michael is paid $1.00 for every subscription he sells,regardless of the number of calls he makes.Paul's telephoning is reinforced on a ________ schedule,whereas Michael's is reinforced on a ________ schedule.

A) variable-ratio;fixed-ratio
B) fixed-ratio;variable-ratio
C) fixed-ratio;variable-interval
D) fixed-interval;variable-ratio

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Question 202

Multiple Choice

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Different groups of vervet monkeys learned to prefer either blue or pink corn.All but one of their 27 infant monkeys subsequently came to prefer the same color corn preferred by the adult monkeys in their group.This subsequent outcome best illustrated:

A) operant conditioning.
B) instinctive drift.
C) observational learning.
D) extrinsic motivation.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Question 203

Multiple Choice

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Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it is called:

Jordan is frightened by the sound of a train whistle.The sound is a(n) :

We are especially likely to vicariously experience the reinforcing outcomes of those we perceive as:

According to B.F.Skinner,human behavior is controlled primarily by:

B.F.Skinner's critics have claimed that he neglected the importance of the individual's:

Most psychologists would advise parents who want to change a child's bad behavior to make greater use of:

Blake is a carpet installer who wants to be paid for each square foot of carpet he lays rather than with an hourly wage.Blake prefers working on a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

One form of cognitive learning is called:

(a)Several days after drinking an excessive amount of alcohol,Kendra becomes nauseated simply by the smell of liquor.The sight of the half-empty liquor bottle from which she drank does not,however,upset her.What does Kendra's pattern of response indicate about the limits of associative learning? (b)If George is spanked immediately after his baby sister cries,he is likely to become fearful every time she cries.If Ken is spanked immediately before his baby sister cries,he is not likely to become fearful when she cries.What do the different reactions of George and Ken suggest about the role of cognitive processes in associative learning?

Because Saleem was spanked on several occasions for biting electric cords,he no longer does so.Saleem's behavior change best illustrates the value of:

A choppy stop-start pattern of operant responding is associated with the ________ schedule of reinforcement.

The smell of a mouthwash that repeatedly precedes the experience of a painful dental procedure first begins to trigger a conditioned anxiety response during the process of:

Both classical and operant conditioning are forms of:

The reappearance,after a time lapse,of an extinguished CR is called:

After he was spanked on several occasions for spilling his milk at a restaurant,Colin became afraid to go to the restaurant.In this case,spanking was a(n) ________ for Colin's fear.

Studies suggest that criminal behavior is most likely to be deterred by:

Withdrawing a desirable stimulus following an operant response is:

The tendency for a CR to be evoked by stimuli similar to the CS is called: