Question 1

Harold Garfinkel and his students devised breaching experiments in order to:

Accepted Answer

A)   see if groups that were matched on important social characteristics would react differently when the independent variable was introduced.
B)   ascertain if civic inattention operated in a wide variety of social situations.
C)   reveal the presence of unspoken expectations that people in particular roles have of one another.
D)   see if people avoid eye contact when they are placed in an uncomfortable situation.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

The expectations that Barbie dolls are for girls and G.I.Joe dolls are for boys are examples of:

Accepted Answer

A)   role conflicts.
B)   gender roles.
C)   ascribed statuses.
D)   status sets.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 3

Janet has a paper due in her English class,a test in her psychology class,and field notes due in her anthropology class this week.On top of it all,she needs to meet with her advisor to plan out classes for next semester.Janet is experiencing:

Accepted Answer

A)   role conflict.
B)   status incongruity.
C)   role strain.
D)   status pressure.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Which of the following theories contains concepts such as front stage and backstage and has its roots in the work of William Shakespeare?

Accepted Answer

A)   reflection theory
B)   dramaturgical theory
C)   looking glass self theory
D)   stage theoryE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

A drastic type of adult socialization that may occur when adults change environments is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   resocialization.
B)   dramaturgy.
C)   role conflict.
D)   role strain.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B) A

Question 6

Expected conformity,especially among teenage friends,is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   peer pressure.
B)   adolescent angst.
C)   teenage wasteland.
D)   role conflict.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Summarize what sociologists mean by the social construction of reality and give one example.

Accepted Answer

Nothing is truly taken for granted by so...

Question 8

In terms of how we feel about ourselves,which of the following statements would Charles Horton Cooley argue is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)   If we imagine that others think we're fat, even if they don't, it will still affect the way we feel about ourselves.
B)   Society provides us a "mirror" in which we can observe the reactions of others to our own behavior.
C)   We are affected more by how people react to our behavior than by how we interpret their reactions.
D)   Our interpretations of how others see us are more important than the reality of how others see us.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B) C

Question 9

A good deal of impression management can be said to involve teamwork.Which of the following is NOT an example of teamwork?

Accepted Answer

A)   parents collaborating to prevent children from knowing about their quarrels
B)   professors who loathe each other taking care to hide this fact from their students
C)   political campaigners and staff radiating a common air of confidence about the latest poll results
D)   pedestrians on a street gathering to watch someone jump from a buildingE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Your professor drank too much over the weekend and tripped and sprained his ankle.When asked about his injury in class the next day,the professor replied,"I sprained my ankle playing soccer with the kids." This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   role strain.
B)   saving face.
C)   a breach of common roles.
D)   a degradation ceremony.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

The process by which people internalize the values,beliefs,and norms required to become functioning members of a given society is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   education.
B)   socialization.
C)   dramaturgy.
D)   ethnomethodology.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Define gender roles and give one example of a female gender role and one example of a male gender role in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Gender roles are the values,beliefs,duti...

Question 13

Who developed role theory as a way to examine social interaction?

Accepted Answer

A)   Karl Marx
B)   Erving Goffman
C)   Robert Merton
D)   Charles Horton CooleyE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

According to George Herbert Mead's stages of development,children learn to recognize an other through:

Accepted Answer

A)   playing informally with other people.
B)   imitation.
C)   playing formal games (like baseball) .
D)   trial and error.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Unconscious signals of our true feelings,such as nonverbal behaviors,are known by Goffman as:

Accepted Answer

A)   opening gestures.
B)   closing acts.
C)   opening acts.
D)   given-off gestures.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Which of the following represents an ascribed status?

Accepted Answer

A)   an American of Japanese descent
B)   a lawyer
C)   a high school dropout
D)   a sociology majorE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 17

The three basic tenets of symbolic interactionism theory include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   Human beings inherit mutual understandings of symbols across cultures, times, and social changes.
B)   Human beings act toward ideas, concepts, and values on the basis of the meaning that those things have for them.
C)   The meanings of ideas, concepts, and values are the products of social interaction in human society.
D)   The meanings of ideas, concepts, and values are modified and filtered through an interpretive process that each individual uses in dealing with outward signs.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B) A

Question 18

According to Annette Lareau (2003) ,working-class and poor parents focus on the "accomplishment of natural growth," while middle-class parents are more likely to engage in "concerted cultivation." In the "accomplishment of natural growth," children experience:

Accepted Answer

A)   learning how to interact with adult authority figures, how to talk to strangers, and how to manage schedules.
B)   lots of organized activities that are established and controlled by their mothers and fathers.
C)   long stretches of leisure time, child-initiated play, and clear boundaries between the social life of children and adults.
D)   assistance, monitoring, and intervention from parents in their schoolwork (e.g., choosing classes and navigating college applications) .E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

If we place nature and nurture at opposite ends on a continuum,most sociologists would fall toward the nurture end of the continuum.Which statement best explains this tendency?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sociologists focus on, and as a result give primary weight to, the social environment in explaining how people think, feel, and behave.
B)   Sociologists believe humans are born as blank slates and that the social environment trumps nature.
C)   Sociologists believe that our genetic makeup really has very little to do with who we become in life.
D)   Sociologists believe there is a complex relationship between heredity and the environment and that we need to give more weight to evolutionary processes.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 20

Explain the main concepts of Merton's role theory and provide an example of each.

Accepted Answer

Merton was a functionalist who created r...

Exam 4: Socialization and the Construction of Reality

Harold Garfinkel and his students devised breaching experiments in order to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The expectations that Barbie dolls are for girls and G.I.Joe dolls are for boys are examples of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Janet has a paper due in her English class,a test in her psychology class,and field notes due in her anthropology class this week.On top of it all,she needs to meet with her advisor to plan out classes for next semester.Janet is experiencing:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following theories contains concepts such as front stage and backstage and has its roots in the work of William Shakespeare?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A drastic type of adult socialization that may occur when adults change environments is known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Expected conformity,especially among teenage friends,is known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Summarize what sociologists mean by the social construction of reality and give one example.

Correct AnswerverifiedNothing is truly taken for granted by so...View AnswerShow Answer

In terms of how we feel about ourselves,which of the following statements would Charles Horton Cooley argue is NOT true?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

A good deal of impression management can be said to involve teamwork.Which of the following is NOT an example of teamwork?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your professor drank too much over the weekend and tripped and sprained his ankle.When asked about his injury in class the next day,the professor replied,"I sprained my ankle playing soccer with the kids." This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process by which people internalize the values,beliefs,and norms required to become functioning members of a given society is known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Define gender roles and give one example of a female gender role and one example of a male gender role in the United States.

Correct AnswerverifiedGender roles are the values,beliefs,duti...View AnswerShow Answer

Who developed role theory as a way to examine social interaction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to George Herbert Mead's stages of development,children learn to recognize an other through:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Unconscious signals of our true feelings,such as nonverbal behaviors,are known by Goffman as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following represents an ascribed status?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The three basic tenets of symbolic interactionism theory include all of the following EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedA

According to Annette Lareau (2003) ,working-class and poor parents focus on the "accomplishment of natural growth," while middle-class parents are more likely to engage in "concerted cultivation." In the "accomplishment of natural growth," children experience:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If we place nature and nurture at opposite ends on a continuum,most sociologists would fall toward the nurture end of the continuum.Which statement best explains this tendency?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain the main concepts of Merton's role theory and provide an example of each.

Correct AnswerverifiedMerton was a functionalist who created r...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Nothing is truly taken for granted by so...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Gender roles are the values,beliefs,duti...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Merton was a functionalist who created r...
View Answer