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Approximately how much of an iceberg protrudes above waterline?


A) 0.1%
B) 3%
C) 15%
D) 90%

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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What are two processes by which ice shelves like the Ross or Filchner grow?

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snowfall accumulatio...

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Fjords are glacier-cut valleys that flooded as sea level rose in post-glacial times.

A) True
B) False

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When glaciers suddenly move forward they are said to ________.


A) calve
B) lunge
C) purge
D) surge

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Alpine glaciers form in pre-existing stream valleys at high altitudes.

A) True
B) False

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What is the name for the very large, Pleistocene glacial lake that existed in the Central Prairies?

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What physical evidence is there for the grinding power of glacial ice?

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Where is the world's largest ice sheet located today?


A) Greenland
B) Siberian Russia
C) Iceland
D) Antarctica

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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A horn is made of ________.


A) rock
B) till
C) sand and gravel
D) mud

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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A(n)________ is a closed depression formed by the melting of an ice block buried in a moraine or outwash plain.

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The ________ was the most recent Pleistocene glacial episode in North America.


A) Dakotan
B) Kansan
C) Indianan
D) Wisconsinan

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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A drumlin is usually made of ________.


A) till
B) sand and gravel
C) rock
D) mud

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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If you found a small remnant glacier high in a mountain valley, and it was only 30 metres thick, what is the most likely mechanism for it to move, if it moves at all?

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During the maximum extent of the last Ice Age, which region remained free of ice cover?


A) northern Siberia
B) Greenland and Iceland
C) southern Ontario
D) central Yukon an portions of central and western Alaska

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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All of the following landforms and geologic features are direct products of glacial erosion except for ________.


A) truncated spur
B) kame terraces
C) striated bedrock
D) horn

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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End or recessional moraines form when the rate of ablation equals the rate of ice advance.

A) True
B) False

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The great glaciation that affected the Southern Hemisphere supercontinent Pangaea (parts of Africa, South America, India, Australia, and Antarctica) occurred ________.


A) 300-200 million years ago in late Paleozoic time
B) 800-700 million years ago in late Proterozoic time
C) 56-45 million years ago in early Cenozoic time
D) 3800-3600 million years ago in early Archean time

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. -Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.


A) calving
B) zone of accumulation
C) melting
D) zone of ablation

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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During the peak of the last Ice Age, continental land area was larger and you could have walked across the English Channel because ________.


A) the continents expanded as they got colder
B) there was so much ice that the global sea level was about 100 metres lower than now
C) sea floor spreading hadn't separated England from France yet
D) the polar ice caps flattened Earth so much that the continents were higher

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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What is the principal difference in the final result of alpine versus continental glaciation and why does this occur?

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Mountain glaciers accentuate a...

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