Question 1

In which data-gathering method do researchers try to remain unobtrusive?

Accepted Answer

A)   a naturalistic interview
B)   a structured interview
C)   naturalistic observation
D)   structured observationE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Which statement qualifies as a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Children whose parents argue in their presence are more likely than other children to try illegal drugs.
B)   Which parental behaviours are associated with an increased likelihood of teenage illegal drug use?
C)   What are the differences between children whose parents argue in their presence and those whose parents do not argue in their presence?
D)   There are many differences between children whose parents argue in their presence and those whose parents do not argue in their presence.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 3

Longitudinal designs are particularly useful for examining:

Accepted Answer

A)   continuity and discontinuity in development.
B)   age differences on a particular variable.
C)   the processes that produce changes.
D)   cause and effect relationships.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

To examine his hypothesis that children's creativity levels decrease with age, Dr. Leno asks children how many imaginary friends they have and considers their answers to be a measure of their creativity. A second researcher, Dr. Letterman, disagrees that the answers are a measure of creativity and instead believes that the number of imaginary friends a child has is an indicator of level of mental disturbance. Dr. Letterman believes Dr. Leno's measure of creativity has a problem with its:

Accepted Answer

A)   external validity.
B)   relevance to the hypothesis.
C)   reliability.
D)   interrater agreement.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Which statement is NOT part of the logic of experimental designs?

Accepted Answer

A)   Two or more groups of participants vary on one or more variables at the outset.
B)   The participants within one group are given an experience that differs in only one way from the experience given to participants in the other group.
C)   The participants in different groups behave differently after the experiences.
D)   The different experiences are concluded to have caused the subsequent difference in behaviour.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Which view of changes in height would lead to a view that height development is smooth and continuous?

Accepted Answer

A)   View A: measuring the height of a boy at yearly intervals from birth to age 18
B)   View B: examining changes in height from one year to the next from birth to age 18
C)   Both view A and view B make changes in height look continuous.
D)   Both view A and view B make changes in height look discontinuous.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Which method is the BEST way to divide participants into groups for an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)   dividing participants by hair color
B)   allowing participants to choose which group to join
C)   dividing participants by where their names fall on an alphabetic list
D)   flipping a coin for each participantE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 8

This theory posits that two interconnected brain areas, the hippocampus and the cortex, simultaneously encode new information during learning.

Accepted Answer

A)   Childcare outside of the home is a relatively new phenomenon.
B)   Childcare outside of the home does not harm children.
C)   Childcare outside of the home diminishes the bond between mother and child.
D)   Childcare outside of the home was rare even 50 years ago.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Which statement describes a potential disadvantage of the interview method?

Accepted Answer

A)   The interview method has limited value for studying infrequent behaviours.
B)   Individuals may distort the way that events happened.
C)   It is difficult to gather information about participants' subjective experiences.
D)   It does not enable the researcher to examine the subject in an in-depth manner.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Describe what ethical issues researchers must consider when they are conducting research with children.

Accepted Answer

In Canada, the Tri-Council has developed...

Question 11

One study discussed in the text demonstrated that infants with a particular form of one of the genes influencing production of neurotransmitters associated with effortful attention had lower effortful attention than other infants when they also were exposed to poor parenting. What principle is demonstrated by this study?

Accepted Answer

A)   Environment plays a crucial role in the expression of genes.
B)   The expression of genes plays a crucial role in one's environment.
C)   Some genetic influences operate regardless of environment.
D)   Current research methods often do not allow researchers to separate the influences of genetics and environment.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Test-retest reliability refers to the:

Accepted Answer

A)   level of agreement between different observers of the same behaviour.
B)   improvement of children over time in abilities such as mathematics.
C)   degree to which a test measures what it is intended to test.
D)   degree of similarity in the results of the same measure when it is given at two different times.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Which theorist developed one of the best known stage theories of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)   Piaget
B)   Scarr
C)   Freud
D)   EriksonE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

The term used for the social class measure based on income and education is:

Accepted Answer

A)   race.
B)   socioeconomic status.
C)   culture.
D)   sociocultural context.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Which item is NOT one of the four factors Scarr identified as involved in the differences among siblings?

Accepted Answer

A)   sociocultural context
B)   genes
C)   children's choice of environments
D)   treatment by parents and othersE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Exam 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Which statement describes a potential disadvantage of the interview method?

Correct Answer
verified

The term used for the social class measure based on income and education is:

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which method is the BEST way to divide participants into groups for an experiment?

Correct Answer
verified

This theory posits that two interconnected brain areas, the hippocampus and the cortex, simultaneously encode new information during learning.

Correct Answer
verified

Test-retest reliability refers to the:

Correct Answer
verified

Which theorist developed one of the best known stage theories of cognitive development?

Correct Answer
verified

Which view of changes in height would lead to a view that height development is smooth and continuous?

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement is NOT part of the logic of experimental designs?

Correct Answer
verified

Longitudinal designs are particularly useful for examining:

Correct Answer
verified

Describe what ethical issues researchers must consider when they are conducting research with children.

Correct Answer
verified
In Canada, the Tri-Council has developed...
View Answer

Which statement qualifies as a hypothesis?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In which data-gathering method do researchers try to remain unobtrusive?

Correct Answer
verified

Which item is NOT one of the four factors Scarr identified as involved in the differences among siblings?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 1: An Introduction to Child Development

Which statement describes a potential disadvantage of the interview method?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term used for the social class measure based on income and education is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which method is the BEST way to divide participants into groups for an experiment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

This theory posits that two interconnected brain areas, the hippocampus and the cortex, simultaneously encode new information during learning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Test-retest reliability refers to the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which theorist developed one of the best known stage theories of cognitive development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which view of changes in height would lead to a view that height development is smooth and continuous?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is NOT part of the logic of experimental designs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Longitudinal designs are particularly useful for examining:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe what ethical issues researchers must consider when they are conducting research with children.

Correct AnswerverifiedIn Canada, the Tri-Council has developed...View AnswerShow Answer

Which statement qualifies as a hypothesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which data-gathering method do researchers try to remain unobtrusive?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which item is NOT one of the four factors Scarr identified as involved in the differences among siblings?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
In Canada, the Tri-Council has developed...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified