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Exam 12: Stress, Health, and Coping

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Question 221

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Health psychologists have found that a wide variety of stressors are associated with diminished immune system functioning, increasing the risk of health problems and slowing recovery times. Your textbook concludes that:

A) exposure to stressors does not automatically translate into poorer health.
B) many factors, including heredity, nutrition, health-related habits and access to medical care, affect physical health.
C) a person's degree of exposure to bacteria, viruses, and other sources of disease or infection will influence the likelihood of becoming sick.
D) All of these are factors that influence health and well-being.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Question 222

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One explanation as to why daily hassles take a toll on health and well-being is that these minor irritations, which are relatively unimportant by themselves, are cumulative, and the effects add up.

A) True
B) False

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Question 223

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Hans Selye described the response to acute threat, calling it the fight-or-flight response, while Walter Cannon described the response to prolonged or chronic stressors, calling it the general adaptation syndrome.

The Canadian endocrinologist Hans Selye:

The branch of psychology that studies how biological, psychological, and social factors influence health, illness, medical treatment, and health-related behaviors is called psychoneuroimmunology.

A category of social support that includes the expression of concern, empathy, and positive regard is called tangible support.

The Culture and Human Behavior box "The Stress of Adapting to a New Culture" describes four different patterns of adapting to a new culture. Which pattern of acculturation tends to produce the lowest level of acculturative stress?

If you want to be perceived as helpful in providing social support to another person, you should tell the person that you know exactly how he or she feels and describe similar problems you've experienced.

Stress is a negative emotional state that occurs in response to events that are perceived as taxing or exceeding a person's resources or ability to cope.

For meditation to be effective in minimizing the negative effects of stress, it must be practiced for a minimum of 60 to 90 minutes per day.

Health psychologists have found that a high level of stress is not associated with diminished immune system functioning and does not increase the risk of health problems or slow recovery times from illness or injury.

Acculturative stress describes the rapidly occurring chain of internal physical reactions that prepare people either to fight or take flight from an immediate threat.

People respond to an immediate threat with an increase in corticosteroids, but they respond to prolonged or chronic threats with an increase in catecholamines.

According to Martin Seligman, the characteristic way in which people explain negative events can have a significant impact on physical health.

Some forms of coping behavior, called maladaptive coping, can actually help the person realistically evaluate the situation and help him or her determine what can be done to minimize the impact of the stressor.

Subtle instances of racism are called microaggressions.

An immigrant who follows the cultural adaptation pattern of marginalization is likely to experience the greatest degree of acculturative stress.

Barbara is an accountant who works a lot of overtime toward the end of the tax year to finish her clients' tax returns by the deadline. However, despite the long hours of being under pressure to get the tax returns done on time, Barbara continues to be relaxed and calm. Barbara is:

Social conditions such as crowding, crime, low socioeconomic status, poverty, and substandard housing are associated with increased stress.

Holmes and Rahe believed that any change that required you to adjust your behavior and lifestyle would cause stress. In an attempt to measure the amount of stress people experienced, they developed the: