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Exam 11: Social Psychology

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Question 151

Multiple Choice

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Roger was not sure which of two candidates to vote for in the race for mayor. However, after he cast his vote, he felt much more confident that he had made the correct choice. The change in the strength of Roger's attitude about the candidate he voted for is probably the result of:

A) informational social influence.
B) social categorization.
C) normative social influence.
D) cognitive dissonance.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Question 152

True/False

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The ability to make rapid judgments about strangers on the basis of very limited information is probably an evolved characteristic that conferred survival value in our evolutionary past.

A) True
B) False

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Question 153

Multiple Choice

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If you were a subject in Milgram's original obedience experiment, it is very likely that:

Cognitive dissonance is the tendency to attribute one's own behavior to external, situational causes while attributing the behavior of others to internal, personal causes.

Andrew volunteered to take part in a psychology experiment to earn extra credit for his psychology class. The experiment was one that studied obedience, and Andrew was asked to deliver aversive (unpleasant) consequences to another student. Based upon what you know about the forces that influence a subject to continue obeying an experimenter's orders, which of the following reactions is most likely?

Similarity is a powerful predictor of attraction in:

An area of social psychology called social cognition studies the effect that situational factors and other people have on an individual's behavior.

Muzafer Sherif is the social psychologist who is best known for his Robbers Cave experiments, which he designed to study prejudice, conflict resolution, and group processes.

The scientific study of conformity and obedience has demonstrated that people do not have the capacity to resist group or authority pressure and will inevitably conform and obey, even though it may make them feel uncomfortable.

The deliberate, conscious mental processes involved in perceptions, judgments, decisions, and reasoning are called explicit cognition.

A term that refers to the mental processes we use to form judgments and draw conclusions about the characteristics and motives of others is:

Why were Milgram's obedience experiments accused of being unethical, and how did Milgram respond to those charges? Be specific.

A study comparing news articles about the same mass murders found that Chinese reporters tended to explain the killers' behavior by emphasizing situational and social factors. In contrast, American reporters tended to explain the killers' behavior by emphasizing personal, internal factors.

Similarity is a powerful predictor of attraction in most Western cultures.

The Stanford Prison Experiment clearly demonstrated that conformity to social roles and implied social norms can make people behave in ways that are contrary to their usual behavior.

The chapter Prologue describes how Fern labeled the man sitting on the steps with a cup in his hand as homeless on the basis of very limited information, which led her to make an embarrassing mistake. This is one disadvantage of using:

What factors influence the degree to which people will conform to the standards of a group?

_____ refers to feeling drawn to other people and having positive thoughts and feelings about them.

Discuss how the findings of the Stanford Prison Experiment help explain the mistreatment of prisoners at Abu Ghraib. Be specific.

When prejudice is displayed emotionally, the emotions can be intensely negative.